Genomic comparison of the vps, cps, and brp loci. (A) Comparison of genes encoding the V. cholerae (Vch) vps, V. parahaemolyticus (Vpa) cps, and V. vulnificus (Vvu) brp loci. Open arrows represent the locations and directions of transcription of the respective genes. Genes depicted in gray are dissimilar. Homologous genes are shown in the same color and are connected by dotted lines. The rbmABCDEF genes, which modulate vps expression, are located between vpsI and vpsII. (B) Simplified schematic of the regulatory pathway of biofilm formation in V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. Activators are shown as circles, and repressors are shown as rectangles. Homologs are shown in the same color.