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(a) Subxiphoid approach. A 30- to 40-mm skin incision (A), and 10- to 15-mm pericardial incision (B) were made to access to the epicardial surface of the apex (C). (b) HeartLander beneath the pericardium on the anterior surface of the heart. The outlines of the front and rear bodies have been highlighted with a broken line.
