Table 1.

Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with antidepressants

	No (%) of cases (n=1651)	No (%) of controls (n=10 000)	Adjusted relative risk* (95% CI)
Non-use	1327 (80.4)	8760 (87.6)	1
Current use
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors†	52 (3.1)	95 (1.0)	3.0 (2.1 to 4.4)
Non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors‡	74 (4.5)	241 (2.4)	1.4 (1.1 to 1.9)
Others§	4 (0.2)	25 (0.3)	0.8 (0.2 to 2.4)
Multiple	3 (0.2)	14 (0.1)	1.0 (0.3 to 3.7)
Past use
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors†	27 (1.6)	140 (1.4)	1.2 (0.8 to 1.9)
Non-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors‡	158 (9.6)	688 (6.2)	1.2 (1.0 to 1.5)
Others§	6 (0.3)	37 (0.4)	1.0 (0.4 to 2.6)

^*Adjusted for sex, age, year, antecedents of upper gastrointestinal disorders, smoking status, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, anticoagulants, or steroids. 

^†Fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, trazodone, clomipramine. 

^‡Amitriptyline, dothiepin, imipramine, lofepramine, doxepin. 

^§Nortriptyline, protriptyline, desipramine, trimipramine, maprotiline, amoxapine, mianserin.