Table.

Summarized phenotypic and the main changes in the RAS observed in some animal models of deficiency or overexpression of ACE2 and Mas.

Strategy	Strain	Changes in RAS	Phenotype	Reference
ACE2 overexpression in smooth muscle cells	SHRSP	↑aortic ACE2 activity	Improved endothelial function	Rentzsch et al19
		↑Ang-(1-7) plasma/aorta
		↑Ang-(1-7)/Ang II
Lentiviral ACE2 gene transfer in hearts	SHR	↑cardiac ACE2 mRNA	BP independent cardioprotection	Diez-Freire et al16
		↑cardiac ACE2 activity
ACE2 overexpression in hearts	FVB/NTac	↑serum ACE2 activity	Cardiac rhythm disturbances and sudden death	Donoghue et al11
		↑cardiac ACE2 expression
Adenoviral ACE2 gene transfer in hearts	SHRSP	↑cardiac ACE2 activity	Severe cardiac fibrosis	Masson et al22
		↑Ang-(1-7) expression
		↓ACE activity
ACE2 knockout	Mixed background	↑cardiac/plasma/renal Ang II	↓BP and impaired systolic function	Crackower et al8
ACE2 knockout	Mixed background	No basal changes	Variable	Gurley et al12
ACE2 knockout	Mixed background	No basal changes	No basal changes	Yamamoto et al61
Mas knockout	C57BL/6	↓Ang-(1-7) binding in cardiac myocytes	Impaired heart function and cardiac fibrosis	Santos et al13
Mas knockout	C57BL/6	Not determined	↑sympathetic tonus	Walther et al62
Mas knockout	C57BL/6	Not determined	Impaired Ang-(1-7)-mediated aortic relaxation	Peiró et al63
Mas knockout	FVB/N	Not determined	↑BP, impaired endothelial function and ↓NO and eNOS	Xu et al64