Table 1.

Clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of 25 IHH men at baseline prior to GnRH therapy

Patient	Diagnosis	Crypt- orchidism	Prior treatment	TV ml	LH IU/l	LH secretion pattern	T ng/dl	FSH IU/l	IB pg/ml	Genetic analysis
No prior puberty
1	KS			1	<1.6		42	2
2	KS			1	<1.6		30	2.3
3	KS	bilateral		1	<1.6		16	<1.6
4	KS		T	2	<1.6		56	<1.6
5	KS	bilateral	T	2	<1.6		40	2.2
6	KS	bilateral		2	<1.6		73	<1.6	21.2
7	nIHH	unilateral	T	2	<1.6		89	1.7	39.7
8	nIHH			2	<1.6		14	<1.6	26.7	DAX1 [34]
9	KS			3	2.9	pulsatile	40	6.7	18.5
10	KS		T	3	<1.6		34	<1.6	32
11	KS		T	3	<1.6		42	2.3	43.3
12	KS	bilateral	T	3	<1.6		14	<1.6	26.7
13	KS	bilateral	T	3	<1.6		60	<1.6	<15.6
14	KS	bilateral	T	3	2.3	apulsatile	32	1.6	29.6	KAL1
15	nIHH			3	<1.6		16	2.5	90.1
Mean				2.3	1.7		40	2.2	30.4
SEM				0.2	0.1		5.7	0.3	5.2
Partial puberty
16	nIHH			4	1.8	apulsatile	13	<1.6	<15.6
17	nIHH		T	5	<1.6		10	<1.6	75.7
18	nIHH		T	7	7.6	pulsatile	129	5.6	−	DAX1 [34]
19	nIHH		T	8	3.3	apulsatile	83	<1.6	<15.6
20	KS		T	10	4.1	apulsatile	71	3.9	66.3
21	nIHH		T	10	<1.6		21	<1.6	<15.6	FGFR1
22	nIHH		T	11	6.8	pulsatile	85	2.8	203	FGFR1 [27]
23	nIHH			13	2.3	apulsatile	101	4	88.5
24	nIHH		T	13	<1.6		57	<1.6	388.5
25	nIHH		T	18	3.5	pulsatile	52	2.4	63.3	GNRHR [35]
Mean				9.9	3.4		62	2.7	104
SEM				1.3	0.7		12.5	0.4	40.5

KS = Kallmann's syndrome; nIHH = normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotrpic hypogonadism; T = testosterone; TV = mean testicular volume.