Table 3.

Unstandardized Path Coefficients for Two-Wave Cross-Lagged Models for Subscales of the Scales of Independents Behavior-Revised (SIB-R)

	Behavior
Model	Externalizing	Internalizing	Asocial
Model 1: Praise
Stability effects
T2 Praise to T3 Praise	.26 (.08)***	.28 (.08)***	.28 (.08)***
T2 SIB-R to T3 SIB-R	.88 (.06)***	.66 (.07)***	.65 (.07)***
Cross-lagged effects
T2 Praise to T3 SIB-R	.36 (.36)	−.36 (.37)	−.53 (.44)
T2 SIB-R to T3 Praise	−.02 (.01)	−.02 (.02)	.00 (.01)
Control variables
Gender of child to T3 SIB-R	−.94 (1.44)	−.43 (1.50)	1.65 (1.79)
Gender of child to T3 Praise	.14 (.32)	.13 (.32)	.13 (.33)
MRa to T3 SIB-R	2.76 (1.26)*	1.71 (1.32)	3.93 (1.56)*
MR to T3 Praise	−.73 (.28)*	−.71 (.28)*	−.76 (.28)*
Model 2: Warmth
Stability effects
T2 Warmth to T3 Warmth	.69 (.06)***	.70 (.06)***	.70 (.06)***
T2 SIB-R to T3 SIB-R	.86 (.06)***	.66 (.07)***	.66 (.07)***
Cross-lagged effects
T2 Warmth to T3 SIB-R	−.20 (.59)	−.72 (.61)	−.21 (.74)
T2 SIB-R to T3 Warmth	−.01 (.01)	.00 (.01)	.00 (.01)
Control variables
Gender of child to T3 SIB-R	−.88 (1.45)	−.31 (1.50)	1.68 (1.80)
Gender of child to T3 Warmth	.04 (.14)	.03 (.15)	.03 (.15)
MR to T3 SIB-R	2.62 (1.25)*	2.0 (1.30)	4.25 (1.56)**
MR to T3 Warmth	−.26 (.12)*	−.28 (.13)*	−.28 (.13)*
Model 3: Relationship Quality (RQ)
Stability effects
T2 RQ to T3 RQ	.75 (.06)***	.78 (.06)***	.77 (.06)***
T2 SIB-R to T3 SIB-R	.81 (.07)***	.60 (.07)***	.62 (.07)***
Cross-lagged effects
T2 RQ to T3 SIB-R	−.52 (.19)**	−.56 (.19)**	−.45 (.23)†
T2 SIB-R to T3 RQ	−.03 (.02)†	.00 (.02)	−.01 (.02)
Control variables
Gender of child to T3 SIB-R	−.38 (1.42)	.11 (1.48)	2.05 (1.79)
Gender of child to T3 RQ	−.05 (.44)	−.11 (.44)	−.10 (.44)
MR to T3 SIB-R	2.35 (1.22)†	1.68 (1.27)	3.98 (1.54)*
MR to T3 RQ	.49 (.37)	.44 (.38)	.46 (.38)

Note. Unstandardized coefficients with standard errors presented in parentheses. T2 = Time 2, T3 = Time 3.

^aMental retardation.

^†p < .10.

^*p <.05.

^**p <.01.

^***p < .001.