Table 4.
Model | Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests | Impairments in reciprocal social interactions | Impairments in nonverbal communication |
---|---|---|---|
Model 1: Praise | |||
Stability effects | |||
T2 Praise to T3 Praise | .28 (.08)*** | .25 (.08)*** | .26 (.08)*** |
T2 ADI-R to T3 ADI-R | .61 (.07)*** | .82 (.04)*** | .83 (.05)*** |
Cross-lagged effects | |||
T2 Praise to T3 ADI-R | −.24 (.09)** | −.04 (.14) | .07 (.07) |
T2 ADI-R to T3 Praise | −.04 (.07) | −.06 (.02)* | −.08 (.06) |
Control variables | |||
Gender of child to T3 ADI-R | .05 (.35) | 1.05 (.57) | .31 (.28) |
Gender of child to T3 Praise | .14 (.33) | .15 (.32) | .15 (.32) |
MRa to T3 ADI-R | .57 (.31)† | 1.15 (.52)* | −.21 (.25) |
MR to T3 Praise | −.74 (.29)* | −.53 (.30) | −.66 (.29)* |
Model 2: Warmth | |||
Stability effects | |||
T2 Warmth to T3 Warmth | .70 (.06)*** | .70 (.06)*** | .70 (.06)*** |
T2 ADI-R to T3 ADI-R | .59 (.07)*** | .82 (.04)*** | .81 (.05)*** |
Cross-lagged effects | |||
T2 Warmth to T3 ADI-R | −.33 (.14)* | −.04 (.23) | −.06 (.12) |
T2 ADI-R to T3 Warmth | .00 (.03) | .00 (.01) | −.01 (.03) |
Control variables | |||
Gender of child to T3 ADI-R | .11 (.35) | 1.06 (.57) | .32 (.28) |
Gender of child to T3 Warmth | .03 (.15) | .03 (.15) | .03 (.15) |
MR to T3 ADI-R | .75 (.31)* | 1.17 (.53)* | −.22 (.25) |
MR to T3 Warmth | −.28 (.13)* | −.28 (.14)* | −.27 (.13)* |
Model 3: Relationship Quality (RQ) | |||
Stability effects | |||
T2 RQ to T3 RQ | .78 (.06)*** | .79 (.06)*** | .78 (.06)*** |
T2 ADI-R to T3 ADI-R | .60 (.07)*** | .81 (.04)*** | .82 (.05)*** |
Cross-lagged effects | |||
T2 RQ to T3 ADI-R | −.12 (.04)** | −.15 (.07)* | .02 (.04) |
T2 ADI-R to T3 RQ | −.06 (.09) | .03 (.03) | .05 (.08) |
Control variables | |||
Gender of child to T3 ADI-R | .16 (.35) | 1.2 (.56)* | .29 (.28) |
Gender of child to T3 RQ | −.08 (.44) | −.12 (.44) | −.12 (.44) |
MR to T3 ADI-R | .62 (.31)* | 1.12 (.51)* | −.22 (.25) |
MR to T3 RQ | .47 (.38) | .33 (.40) | .37 (.39) |
Note. T2 = Time 2, T3 = Time 3.
Mental retardation.
p < .10.
p <.05.
p <.01.
p < .001.