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Cortisol and testosterone levels for 12 recreational ecstasy/MDMA users before, during and after dance clubbing (means and standard errors). Each participant was assessed on self-administered MDMA and off MDMA, over counterbalanced weekends at the same dance club. MDMA presence was confirmed biochemically. Significance levels (∗ p < 0.01; ∗ p < 0.001) represent comparisons with predrug baseline (Parrott et al. [64]).
