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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nanomedicine (Lond). 2009 Oct;4(7):813–845. doi: 10.2217/nnm.09.59

Figure 14. Principle of nanoparticle cluster–photothermal bubble mechanism of amplification of optical scattering from intracellular target.

Figure 14

Amplitude of optical signals can be increased through formation of the target-linked nanoparticle cluster and through generation of a transient bubble around the nanoparticle cluster; photothermal bubbles may be detected with scattered probe laser beam (pulsed or continuous) as angle-specific positive signal or integral negative signal.