Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of the Hawaii component of the MEC, 1993–2007

	Caucasian		Japanese American		Native Hawaiian		All
	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
n	15,116	14,643	16,572	18,672	4,568	5,941	75,512
Cases (%)	7	5	16	13	18	16	11
Noncases (%)	93	91	84	87	83	84	89
Age (%)
45–54 years	45	47	33	32	51	53	41
55–64 years	28	27	28	31	29	28	28
≥65 years	28	26	39	37	20	19	31
Education (%)
≤12 years	19	23	39	41	48	52	34
13–15 years	29	34	29	28	32	30	30
>15 years	52	43	32	31	21	18	36
BMI (%)
<25.0 kg/m2	47	63	58	74	27	39	57
25.0–29.9 kg/m2	41	25	37	21	44	33	32
≥30 kg/m2	12	13	6	5	29	28	11
Cigarette smoking (%)
Never	33	44	30	69	33	45	44
Past	51	40	54	22	45	31	40
Current	16	17	16	9	23	24	15
Fat and meat	0.33	−0.28	0.12	−0.48	0.57	0.07	−0.06
Vegetables	−0.22	−0.01	0.32	0.47	0.18	0.29	0.18
Fruit and milk	0.10	0.22	−0.68	−0.30	−0.44	−0.14	−0.19
Total energy (kcal)	2,316 ± 891	1,824 ± 689	2,293 ± 833	1,823 ± 674	2,800 ± 1,322	2,341 ± 1,219	2,125 ± 907
Red meat (g/day)	43 ± 35	28 ± 24	44 ± 32	30 ± 23	60 ± 45	46 ± 37	38 ± 32
Dairy foods (g/day)	262 ± 211	254 ± 207	137 ± 137	157 ± 154	211 ± 211	230 ± 231	201 ± 192
Vegetables (g/day)	339 ± 202	332 ± 205	318 ± 189	322 ± 194	385 ± 267	407 ± 300	337 ± 213
Fruits (g/day)	326 ± 273	340 ± 268	306 ± 265	371 ± 296	337 ± 335	405 ± 412	342 ± 295
Rice (g/day)	110 ± 134	73 ± 92	408 ± 245	270 ± 180	353 ± 261	221 ± 193	231 ± 223
Physical activity (METs)	1.7 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.3

Data are %, medians (pattern scores only), or means ± SD. The following subjects were excluded from the 103,898 members of the Hawaii component of the MEC: 10,028 with prevalent diabetes, 8,797 of other ethnicity, 812 with unconfirmed diabetes, 6,202 with missing covariates, 2,537 with missing dietary information, and 10 with lack of follow-up information or missing diabetes information at baseline.