Table 3.
Dietary patterns and diabetes risk in men, Hawaii component of the MEC, 1993–2007
| All men |
Caucasian |
Japanese American |
Native Hawaiian |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n * | HR (95% CI)† | n * | HR (95% CI)† | n * | HR (95% CI)† | n * | HR (95% CI)† | |
| n | 4,555 | 1,080 | 2,677 | 798 | ||||
| Fat and meat | ||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 773 | 1.00 | 142 | 1.00 | 539 | 1.00 | 92 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 812 | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 166 | 0.99 (0.78–1.24) | 523 | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 123 | 1.13 (0.86–1.49) |
| Quintile 3 | 912 | 1.17 (1.06–1.30) | 216 | 1.24 (0.99–1.56) | 572 | 1.14 (1.00–1.30) | 124 | 0.99 (0.74–1.32) |
| Quintile 4 | 958 | 1.23 (1.10–1.37) | 238 | 1.25 (0.98–1.59) | 543 | 1.18 (1.02–1.36) | 177 | 1.12 (0.84–1.50) |
| Quintile 5 | 1,100 | 1.40 (1.23–1.60) | 318 | 1.38 (1.05–1.81) | 500 | 1.38 (1.16–1.64) | 282 | 1.22 (0.88–1.29) |
| Ptrend | <0.0001 | 0.007 | <0.0002 | 0.27 | ||||
| Vegetables | ||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 783 | 1.00 | 362 | 1.00 | 303 | 1.00 | 118 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 907 | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 232 | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 527 | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 148 | 1.03 (0.81–1.32) |
| Quintile 3 | 982 | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | 203 | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | 605 | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 174 | 1.21 (0.95–1.54) |
| Quintile 4 | 976 | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | 183 | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 612 | 0.97 (0.83–1.12) | 181 | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) |
| Quintile 5 | 907 | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 100 | 0.67 (0.53–0.84) | 630 | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | 177 | 1.17 (0.90–1.51) |
| Ptrend | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0.17 | ||||
| Fruits and milk | ||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 1,144 | 1.00 | 124 | 1.00 | 819 | 1.00 | 201 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 1,011 | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 168 | 0.72 (0.57–0.91) | 675 | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) | 168 | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) |
| Quintile 3 | 925 | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 232 | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 520 | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | 173 | 1.02 (0.83–1.27) |
| Quintile 4 | 770 | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) | 253 | 0.72 (0.57–0.89) | 390 | 0.96 (0.85–1.10) | 127 | 0.84 (0.67–1.07) |
| Quintile 5 | 705 | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 303 | 0.71 (0.56–0.89) | 273 | 1.08 (0.93–1.26) | 129 | 0.85 (0.66–1.09) |
| Ptrend | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.76 | 0.14 | ||||
*Number of case subjects with diabetes.
†HRs (95% CI) were stratified by age at cohort entry and adjusted for ethnicity (Japanese American and Native Hawaiian vs. Caucasian), physical activity (quintiles), education (12–15 and >15 vs. ≤12 years), energy intake (log-transformed), BMI (continuous), alcohol intake (quintiles), smoking status (past and current vs. never), marital status, and self-reported high blood pressure at baseline.