Table 4.
Dietary patterns and diabetes risk in women, Hawaii component of the MEC, 1993–2007
| All women |
Caucasian |
Japanese American |
Native Hawaiian |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n * | HR (95% CI)† | n * | HR (95% CI)† | n * | HR (95% CI)† | n * | HR (95% CI)† | |
| n * | 4,032 | 715 | 2,374 | 843 | ||||
| Fat and meat | ||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 657 | 1.00 | 83 | 1.00 | 480 | 1.00 | 94 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 691 | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | 114 | 1.04 (0.78–1.38) | 465 | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) | 112 | 1.02 (0.76–1.35) |
| Quintile 3 | 784 | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) | 135 | 1.07 (0.80–1.44) | 498 | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 151 | 1.04 (0.79–1.36) |
| Quintile 4 | 823 | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 161 | 1.08 (0.80–1.45) | 481 | 1.08 (0.92–1.25) | 181 | 0.94 (0.71–1.24) |
| Quintile 5 | 1,077 | 1.22 (1.06–1.40) | 222 | 1.21 (0.87–1.68) | 450 | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 405 | 1.10 (0.81–1.48) |
| Ptrend | 0.004 | 0.24 | 0.045 | 0.60 | ||||
| Vegetables | ||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 665 | 1.00 | 207 | 1.00 | 277 | 1.00 | 181 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 808 | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) | 162 | 1.12 (0.91–1.38) | 473 | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | 173 | 0.83 (0.67–1.02) |
| Quintile 3 | 816 | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 152 | 1.21 (0.97–1.50) | 467 | 1.06 (0.91–1.23) | 197 | 0.93 (0.76–1.15) |
| Quintile 4 | 858 | 1.05 (0.94–1.17) | 113 | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 559 | 1.16 (0.99–1.35) | 186 | 0.88 (0.70–1.09) |
| Quintile 5 | 885 | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | 81 | 1.03 (0.78–1.35) | 598 | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 206 | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) |
| Ptrend | 0.93 | 0.78 | 0.41 | 0.48 | ||||
| Fruits and milk | ||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 984 | 1.00 | 96 | 1.00 | 664 | 1.00 | 224 | 1.00 |
| Quintile 2 | 862 | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 139 | 1.10 (0.85–1.43) | 546 | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 177 | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) |
| Quintile 3 | 816 | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) | 143 | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 484 | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 189 | 1.06 (0.87–1.30) |
| Quintile 4 | 725 | 0.90 (0.82–1.00) | 150 | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 400 | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | 175 | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) |
| Quintile 5 | 645 | 0.85 (0.76–0.96) | 187 | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | 280 | 0.86 (0.74–1.01) | 178 | 0.86 (0.68–1.09) |
| Ptrend | 0.005 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.29 | ||||
*Number of case subjects with diabetes.
†HRs (95% CI) were stratified by age at cohort entry and adjusted for ethnicity (Japanese American and Native Hawaiian vs. Caucasian), physical activity (quintiles), education (12–15 and >15 vs. ≤12 years), energy intake (log-transformed), BMI (continuous), alcohol intake (quintiles), smoking status (past and current vs. never), marital status, and self-reported high blood pressure at baseline.