Table 3.

Adjusted OR and 95% CI for characteristics associated with postpartum glucose test result categories among 5,508 women with a history of GDM who had postpartum glucose testing, 1999–2006

	IFG/IGT (n = 893) vs. normal (n = 4,552)*	Presumptive diabetes (n = 63) vs. normal (n = 4,552)*
Demographics
Age category, per 5 years	1.02 (0.95–1.10)	0.97 (0.75–1.25)
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	Referent	Referent
Black	0.97 (0.73–1.30)	1.06 (0.46–2.48)
Asian/Pacific Islander	1.24 (1.05–1.45)	1.46 (0.82–2.61)
Non-Hispanic white	0.79 (0.66–0.94)	0.45 (0.23–0.91)
Highest education
<High school	1.09 (0.95–1.26)	0.82 (0.50–1.36)
High school graduate	Referent	Referent
>High school graduate	0.89 (0.79–1.00)	0.91 (0.60–1.38)
Median household income
Lowest	Referent	Referent
Middle	1.09 (0.98–1.21)	0.91 (0.62–1.33)
Highest	0.88 (0.78–0.98)	0.74 (0.48–1.13)
Clinical
Parity
0	Referent	Referent
1	0.97 (0.87–1.08)	1.04 (0.72–1.49)
≥2	1.09 (0.97–1.22)	0.99 (0.67–1.48)
Pharmacological GDM treatment
None	Referent	Referent
Insulin (+/− oral agents)	1.57 (1.34–1.83)	3.30 (2.15–5.05)
Oral agents only	1.40 (1.09–1.81)	2.31 (1.22–4.36)
Infant birth weight
<2,500 g	1.21 (0.99–1.48)	1.05 (0.51–2.16)
2,500–3,999 g	Referent	Referent
≥4,000 g	0.98 (0.82–1.16)	1.33 (0.78–2.25)
Health care
Timing of glucose testing
7 days to <6 weeks	0.74 (0.66–0.83)	0.42 (0.28–0.63)
6–12 weeks	Referent	Referent
>12 weeks to 6 months	1.55 (1.33–1.80)	3.13 (2.13–4.61)
Temporal trend, per 1 year	0.94 (0.91–0.98)	1.03 (0.91–1.16)

*Data are adjusted OR (95% CI) for the outcome of IFG and/or IGT and presumptive diabetes versus normal test results. Final model includes 5,508 observations with complete data for each covariate (94% of the sample with test results).