Table 1.
Association of preconception counseling with markers of preconception care and maternal characteristics
| Yes (n = 240) | No (n = 297) | Crude OR (95% CI)* | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI)† | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preconception glycemic control | ||||||
| A1C ≤7% | 51 (63.8) | 29 (36.3) | 1.87 (1.12−3.17) | 0.019 | 1.91 (1.10−3.04) | 0.002 |
| A1C >7% | 109 (48.2) | 117 (51.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Folic acid intake | ||||||
| 3 months preconception | 134 (68.4) | 62 (31.6) | 5.04 (3.42−7.44) | <0.001 | 4.88 (3.26−7.30) | <0.001 |
| Postconception | 94 (30.4) | 215 (69.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Gestation at hospital booking | ||||||
| ≤8 weeks | 153 (51.2) | 146 (48.8) | 1.87 (1.32−2.66) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.26−2.57) | 0.001 |
| >8 weeks | 87 (36.6) | 151 (63.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| First trimester glycemic control | ||||||
| A1C ≤7% | 108 (55.4) | 87 (44.6) | 1.89 (1.31−2.73) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.39−3.03) | <0.001 |
| A1C >7% | 117 (39.6) | 178 (60.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Preconception A1C record | ||||||
| Yes | 160 (52.3) | 146 (47.7) | 2.14 (1.50−304) | <0.001 | 2.11(1.47−3.02) | <0.001 |
| No | 80 (34.6) | 151 (65.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Type of diabetes | ||||||
| Type 1 | 202 (48.4) | 215 (51.6) | 2.08 (1.35−3.21) | <0.001 | 1.87 (1.14−3.07) | 0.014 |
| Type 2 | 37 (31.1) | 82 (68.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| IMD score‡ | 29.0 ± 17.1 | 36.0 ± 17.8 | 0.80 (0.72−0.88) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.70−0.87) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White British | 229 (46.4) | 265 (53.4) | 2.50 (1.23−5.10) | 0.011 | 2.56 (1.17−5.60) | 0.019 |
| Others§ | 11 (25.6) | 32 (74.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Parity | ||||||
| Multiparous | 157 (44.7) | 194 (55.3) | 1.00 (0.70−1.43) | 0.971 | ||
| Primiparous | 82 (46.6) | 102 (55.4) | 1.00 | |||
| Maternal age at delivery | 29.1 ± 6.0 | 29.3 ± 6.6 | 1.07 (1.00−1.05) | 0.268 | 1.02 (0.99−1.05) | 0.244 |
Data are n (%) for categorical and mean ± SD for continuous variables, ORs (95% CI), or P.
*Unadjusted ORs were obtained from simple logistic regression.
†Adjusted ORs were obtained by multivariable logistic regression; for markers of preconception care (PC) (preconception and first trimester glycemic control, folic acid intake, gestation at booking, and A1C record), each model contains preconception counseling as the predictor and demographic variables as covariates; and for predictors of PC uptake, the OR represents final parsimonious model with type of diabetes, IMD score, ethnicity, age at delivery, and hospital of booking as the predictor variable. Interactions between the main variable of interest: type of diabetes and other covariates were nonsignificant and are not included in the model. The variable “hospital of booking” comprised 14 maternity units (not presented in the table); it was a significant predictor in the final model (type 3: d.f. =13; χ2 = 33.2; P = 0.002).
‡OR for the 10-point increase in IMD score.
§Other ethnicity included black and minority ethnic (BME) groups. Percentages may not total 100% due to rounding or missing values.