Table 2.
Odds ratios (95% CIs) for developing pre-diabetes and diabetes in adulthood on the basis of childhood levels of glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR
| Childhood deciles (top versus the rest)* | Pre-diabetes I | P | Diabetes | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | ||||
| Age | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | <0.01 | ||
| BMI Z score at baseline | 1.43 (1.04–1.96) | <0.05 | ||
| BMI Z score change over time | 1.84 (1.21–2.78) | <0.01 | ||
| Total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | <0.05 | ||
| Glucose | 3.28 (1.29–8.33) | <0.05 | ||
| Insulin | 2.85 (1.22–6.66) | <0.05 | 5.54 (2.33–13.19) | 0.0001 |
| Model 2 | ||||
| Age | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | <0.05 | ||
| BMI Z score at baseline | 1.44 (1.05–1.98) | <0.05 | ||
| BMI Z score change over time | 1.85 (1.23–2.79) | <0.01 | ||
| Total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | <0.05 | ||
| HOMA-IR | 2.55 (1.10–5.95) | <0.05 | 5.84 (2.51–13.60) | <0.0001 |
*Stepwise logistic regression model includes age, race, sex, baseline BMI Z score, BMI Z score change over time, MAP, total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, as well as baseline childhood glucose and insulin (top decile versus the rest) for model 1 and HOMA-IR (top decile versus the rest) for model 2.