Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2010 Feb 24;5(2):e9399. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009399

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Saijo, Gomi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

PMC Copyright notice

A, Time sequence of one trial. There were two conditions: reaching with and without online cursor feedback. See Materials and Methods for details. B, Total trial procedure. The angles are the visuomotor rotation angles. Each experiment consisted of four phases: pre-training, training, post-training, and washout phases. The cursor online feedback was shown in experiment 1 but not in experiment 2. In experiment 1, subjects were divided into two groups and the visuomotor rotation was suddenly or gradually introduced in the training phase for each group. The 60° CCW visuomotor rotation was continued in the post-training phase and then suddenly changed to 0° in the washout phase. C, Computational scheme for visually guided reaching, where represents desired movement of the arm, indicates feedback information of current movement, and and indicate feedforward and feedback motor commands, respectively. This scheme assumes that target presentation triggers the motor planning and that the feedforward controller transforms the desired movement into motor commands. The manipulandum system converts the hand movement into cursor movement in the rotationally biased direction on the screen. The feedback controller adjusts the ongoing movement using the feedback information of the cursor movement.

Inline graphic — A, Time sequence of one trial. There were two conditions: reaching with and without online cursor feedback. See Materials and Methods for details. B, Total trial procedure. The angles are the visuomotor rotation angles. Each experiment consisted of four phases: pre-training, training, post-training, and washout phases. The cursor online feedback was shown in experiment 1 but not in experiment 2. In experiment 1, subjects were divided into two groups and the visuomotor rotation was suddenly or gradually introduced in the training phase for each group. The 60° CCW visuomotor rotation was continued in the post-training phase and then suddenly changed to 0° in the washout phase. C, Computational scheme for visually guided reaching, where represents desired movement of the arm, indicates feedback information of current movement, and and indicate feedforward and feedback motor commands, respectively. This scheme assumes that target presentation triggers the motor planning and that the feedforward controller transforms the desired movement into motor commands. The manipulandum system converts the hand movement into cursor movement in the rotationally biased direction on the screen. The feedback controller adjusts the ongoing movement using the feedback information of the cursor movement.