Table 1. Model parameters used in Figures 2 to 4 and Equations 1 to 3 (Appendix D).

Parameter	Description	Units	Biological range	Assumed value
pR	Efficiency of resting CD4 T cell infection	1/(day %CD4)		0.5–1.5
pA	Efficiency of activated CD4 T cell infection	1/(day %CD4)		>250pR
SA	Intensity of homeostatic replenishment of CD4 T cells	%CD4/day	Ti/(20–80)	Ti/(20–70)
Ti	Homeostatic number of permissive CD4 T cells	%CD4	~7	7
dA	Inverse duration of the activated CD4 T cell phase	1/day	>1	1
d1	Inverse latent period of an infected CD4 T cell	1/day	0.8–1.5	1.3
dP	Virus-induced death rate of virus-producing cells	1/day	0.25–0.5	0.25
x	Virus production ratio of activated and resting cells	1	~5	5
k	Efficiency of virus-producing cell killing by CTL	1/(day %CD8)		1
v	Virus load per percent resting virus-producing cell	RNA/ml/%CD4	106–108	(0.1–2.7)·107
HNi	Homeostatic number of naive helper cells	%CD4	10−4−3·10−3	10−3
dN	Death rate of naive helper cells and CTLs	1/day	~10−3	10−3
aN	Maximal efficiency of naive cell activation by virus	1/(day %CD4)		(3·10−3)v
cH	Maximum expansion rate of effector helper cells	1/day	1.07–1.59	1.7
dH	Death rate of effector helper cells in the absence of virus	1/day	0.12–0.82	0.07
PH0	Characteristic virus-producing cell number for expansion of helper cells	%CD4		8.1·1016/v3
Ni	Homeostatic number of naive CTLs	%CD8	10−4−3·10−3	10−3
q	Priming asymmetry for direct vs. indirect CTLs	1		10−4
cD	Maximum division rate of direct effector CTLs	1/day	0.98–2.21	1
dD	Maximum death rate of direct effector CTLs	1/day	0.34–0.47	0.4
P0	Characteristic virus-producing cell percent for direct effector CTLs	%CD4		0.01–0.2
c	Maximum division rate of indirect effector CTLs	1/day	<3.5	2.8–3.4
d	Maximum death rate of indirect effector CTLs	1/day	0.1–2	2.4
H0	Characteristic helper cell number for indirect effector CTLs	%CD4		(4–8)· 10−6
Em	Maximum number of effector CTLs	%CD8	<102	102
r	Indirect effector CTL retirement rate	1/day		6
dM	Effector memory CTL retirement rate	1/day		0.8
f	Fraction of effector memory CTLs becoming central memory	1	~0.05	0.06
vu	Virus unit relation, RNA/ml to p27 ng/ml	RNA/p27 ng	106−3·107	7·106
Pcut	Lower cutoff of infected cells in macaques	%CD4	~10−9	10−9