Fig. 1.

Spatially resolved measurements of electromechanical coupling between tip and amyloidon-mica using single frequency PFM technique. Topography of the amyloid-on-mica sample measured by atomic force microscopy in air (a) and in water (d). Amplitude (b), (e) and phase (c), (f) of the mechanical signal excited by the AC electrical voltage applied to the tip measured in air (b), (c) and water (e), (f). All image sizes are 300 nm × 300 nm. Line profiles of the topography, amplitude and phase images, as marked in air (g) and in water (h). The green box shows the area where broadband electromechanical response presented on Fig. 2 (b–d) was measured.