TABLE 1.
10 Years | 14 Years | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | r(109)a | |
Mother | |||||
Total parenting stress | 74.09 | 17.40 | 76.33 | 18.64 | .64*** |
Parental distress | 25.75 | 5.98 | 25.62 | 6.34 | .59*** |
Difficult child | 27.89 | 8.39 | 28.22 | 8.49 | .59*** |
Dysfunctional interaction | 20.44 | 6.27 | 22.50 | 7.01 | .62*** |
Father | |||||
Total parenting stress | 72.73 | 16.14 | 77.00 | 20.12 | .74*** |
Parental distress | 25.88 | 6.42 | 26.18 | 6.97 | .68*** |
Difficult child | 26.86 | 6.69 | 28.23 | 8.15 | .59*** |
Dysfunctional interaction | 19.98 | 5.89 | 22.59 | 7.66 | .70*** |
Note. The total parenting stress scale has a possible range of 0 to 144, and the subscales have a possible range of 0 to 48.
Scales were residualized for parental education and social desirability (as needed) prior to computing stability coefficients.
p < .001.