Table 2.
Factors Associated with Bleeding in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism
| Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||
| Age (years) | ||
| <65 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 65-74 | 1.88(1.30,2.71) | 1.30 (0.86, 1.95) |
| 75-84 | 1.97(1.40,2.77) | 1.28 (0.87, 1.88) |
| ≥85 | 2.37(1.59,3.54) | 1.35 (0.85, 2.14) |
| Female | 1.35(1.03,1.78) | 1.26 (0.94, 1.70) |
| Hospitalization history | ||
| Admitted with non-VTE diagnosis | 1.67(1.27,2.21) | 1.12 (0.80, 1.57) |
| Recent (< 3 mo) medical conditions (%) | ||
| Surgery | 1.11(0.83,1.48) | 1.02 (0.73, 1.42) |
| Malignancy | 1.50(1.13,1.98) | 1.31 (0.94, 1.82) |
| Severe infection | 1.44(1.08,1.92) | 0.97 (0.69, 1.35) |
| Central venous catheter | 1.37(0.99,1.89) | 0.88 (0.57, 1.37) |
| ICU discharge | 1.67(1.22,2.31) | 1.43 (0.93, 2.20) |
| Fracture | 1.68(1.17,2.41) | 1.18 (0.77, 1.81) |
| Trauma | 1.60(1.16,2.22) | 1.83 (1.24, 2.70) |
| Other medical history (%) | ||
| Diabetes | 1.39(1.02,1.89) | 1.19 (0.85, 1.65) |
| Hypertension | 1.63(1.24,2.15) | 1.13 (0.82, 1.56) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.57(1.17,2.11) | 1.22 (0.88, 1.70) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 2.07(1.06,4.03) | 1.56 (0.75, 3.24) |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | ||
| GFR < 30 ml/min | 3.05(2.06,4.52) | 1.85 (1.15, 3.00) |
| GFR 30-60 ml/min | 1.77(1.31,2.39) | 1.23 (0.88, 1.73) |
| Dialysis dependent | 1.93(0.99,3.77) | 1.13 (0.50, 2.55) |
| Laboratory data | ||
| Hematocrit (per 1 % change) | 0.94(0.92,0.96) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) |
| Type of VTE (%) | ||
| PE with or without DVT | 1.33(1.01,1.76) | 1.20 (0.88,1.63) |
| Unprovoked | 0.68(0.48,0.95) | 1.53 (0.98, 2.58) |
| Acute parenteral treatment (%)* | ||
| UFH | 1.24(0.95,1.62) | 1.57 (0.95, 2.58) |
| LMWH | 0.87(0.65,1.16) | 1.59 (0.93, 2.72) |
| Both UFH and LMWH | 1.40 (1.00,1.96) | 1.95 (1.12, 3.40) |
*
Referent category: No parenteral treatment
VTE = venous thromboembolism
ICU = intensive care unit
GFR = glomerular filtration rate
PE = pulmonary embolism
DVT = deep vein thrombosis
UFH = unfractionated heparin
LMWH = low-molecular weight heparins (enoxaparin and dalteparin)