Table 3.
Human carcinogen TP53 signature mutations
| TP53 Signature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base substitution | Distinctive | ||||
| Carcinogen/(exposure) | Target organ | Metabolic activation | IARC DB | HUF assay | Hotspots (codons) |
| PAH (B[a]P) (smoking) | Lung | Epoxidation | G to T with strand bias | G to T with strand bias | 157, 158, 273 |
| AA (dietary contam.) | Urothelium | Nitroreduction | A to T with strand bias | A to T with strand bias | 131, 209, (280) |
| Aflatoxin B1 (dietary contam.) | Liver | Epoxidation | G to T | n.i. | 249 (3rd base) |
| UV radiation (sunlight) | Skin | n.a. | CC to TT | CC to TT | 248, 278 |
| 3-NBA (diesel) | Lung | Nitroreduction | n.i. | G to T | n.i. |
| Vinyl chloride | Liver | Epoxidation | A:T to T:A with strand bias | n.i. | |