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. 2010 Feb 22;120(3):694–705. doi: 10.1172/JCI40283

Figure 6. Model of the main contributions of BMDCs; and cytokines that promote restoration of tumor vasculature after irradiation.

Figure 6

(A) Prior to irradiation, tumor growth is governed largely by local angiogenesis. When local angiogenesis is inhibited by irradiation, growth of the tumor vasculature (essential for recurrence of the tumor) can only occur from circulating cells, of which BMDCs are an essential component. (B) After irradiation, the tumor becomes more hypoxic, and HIF-1 is increased as the tumor attempts to regrow. This induces SDF-1 and promotes the mobilization of CD11b+ monocytes from the BM and retention of these BMDCs into the tumor. SDF-1 is the key factor for the influx of BMDCs, as AMD3100, an inhibitor of CXCR4/SDF-1, and antibodies against CXCR4 block the recruitment and/or tumor retention of the BMDCs, inhibit restoration of the tumor vasculature, and prevent tumor recurrence. The various inhibitors and the points in the cycle at which they act are shown in boxes. Mϕ, macrophages.