Table 1.

Results from ANCOVA for sperm swimming velocity according to experimental treatment (high versus low mating opportunities) and male phenotypic traits.

	VAP			VCL
	F-value	p-value	b ± SE	F-value	p-value	b ± SE
treatmenta	5.912	0.020	−13.52 ± 5.56	4.247	0.046	−9.02 ± 4.38
orange coloration	2.772	0.104	1.66 ± 1.00	9.288	0.004	2.39 ± 0.78
black coloration	0.008	0.927	−0.41 ± 4.42	0.621	0.436	−2.74 ± 3.48
iridescent coloration	1.266	0.268	−0.95 ± 0.85	1.281	0.265	−0.75 ± 0.67
body size (area)	0.106	0.747	0.09 ± 0.27	0.266	0.609	−0.11 ± 0.21

^aHM treatment as factor's reference level.