Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Among Subjects by Bipolar Subtype
| All Sample (n=413) | Bipolar-I (n=244) | Bipolar-II (n=28) | Bipolar-NOS (n=141) | Analyses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | df | Statistic | p | |
| Age | 12.6 | 3.3 | 12.8a | 3.2 | 14.8b | 2.7 | 11.9c | 3.2 | 2,140 | F=11.0 | <0.001 |
| SES | 3.4 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 2 | Kruskal-Wallis:3.1 | 0.2 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
| Sex (Male) % | 221 | 53.5 | 123 | 50.4 | 12 | 42.9 | 86 | 61.0 | 2 | χ2=5.4 | 0.07 |
| Race (Caucasian)% | 339 | 82.1 | 200 | 82.0 | 24 | 85.7 | 115 | 81.6 | 2 | χ2=0.3 | 0.9 |
| Living with Both natural parents % | 174 | 42.1 | 94 | 38.5 | 17 | 60.7 | 63 | 44.7 | 2 | χ2=5.6 | 0.06 |
| Pubertal Status I | 87 | 27.0 | 47 | 25.5 a | 2 | 7.4 b | 38 | 34.2a | 4 | χ2=9.6 | 0.05 |
| Pubertal Status II–III | 89 | 27.6 | 50 | 27.2 | 8 | 29.6 | 31 | 27.9 | |||
| Pubertal Status IV–V | 146 | 45.3 | 87 | 47.3 a, b | 17 | 63.0 a | 42 | 37.8 b | |||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
| Age of onset of mood symptoms (years) | 8.4 | 4.0 | 8.4a | 4.3 | 10.5b | 3.9 | 7.9a | 3.4 | 2 | Kruskal-Wallis:19.5 | 0.009 |
| Duration of mood symptoms(years) | 4.4 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 2,410 | F=0.4 | 0.7 |
| Age onset of a DSM mood episode* | 9.3 | 3.9 | 9.3a | 4.1a | 11.8b | 3.2 | 8.7a | 3.5 | 2 | Kruskal-Wallis:4.5 | 0.001 |
| Duration of bipolar disorder (years)** | 3.3 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2 | Kruskal-Wallis:0.5 | 0.8 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
| Polarity of Index Episode | |||||||||||
| Depressed | 58 | 14.0 | 34 | 13.9 a | 11 | 39.3 b | 13 | 9.2 a | 8 | χ2=229.29 | 0.001 |
| Hypomanic | 34 | 8.2 | 17 | 7.0 a | 10 | 35.7 b | 7 | 5.0 a | |||
| Manic | 77 | 18.6 | 77 | 31.6 a | 0 | 0.0 b | 0 | 0.0 b | |||
| Mixed | 70 | 17.0 | 68 | 27.9 a | 0 | 0.0 b | 2 | 1.4 b | |||
| NOS | 174 | 42.1 | 48 | 19.7 a | 7 | 25.0 a | 119 | 84.4 b | |||
| Psychosis (%) | 92 | 22.3 | 69 | 28.3 a | 4 | 14.3a, b | 19 | 13.5 b | 2 | χ2=12.4 | 0.002 |
| Any Comorbidity (%) | 351 | 85.0 | 206 | 84.4 | 22 | 78.6 | 123 | 87.2 | na | Fisher’s Exact | 0.4 |
| Family History % | |||||||||||
| 1st degree with Mania/Hypomania | 143 | 36.8 | 87 | 38.0 | 12 | 44.4 | 44 | 33.1 | 2 | χ2=1.6 | 0.4 |
| 1st degree with Depression | 295 | 75.6 | 168 | 73.0 | 23 | 85.2 | 104 | 78.2 | 2 | χ2=2.6 | 0.3 |
| 2nd degree with Mania/Hypomania | 143 | 37.6 | 80 | 36.0 | 14 | 50.0 | 49 | 37.7 | 2 | χ2=2.1 | 0.4 |
| 2nd degree with Depression | 276 | 72.3 | 157 | 70.4 | 25 | 89.3 | 94 | 71.8 | 2 | χ2=4.4 | 0.1 |
*
Age 4 is set as the minimum value.
**
since age of onset of any DSM mood episode;
Different superscripts indicate significant pair-wise differences at p≤ 0.05