Table 2.
Associations of Markers of Immunosuppression with Grip Strength (kg) in HIV-negative and HIV-positive Women with History of HAART (n = 1639)
| n | Median strength (kg) | Age-adjusted univariate β (95% CI)a | Multivariate model 1bβ (95% CI) | Multivariate model 2cβ (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV-negative (Ref ) | 534 | 30 | |||
| CD4+ | |||||
| <100 | 78 | 28 | −3.29 (−5.17-−1.42)* | 2.75 (−4.61-−0.89)* | −1.53 (−3.56-0.49) |
| 100–199 | 102 | 28 | −1.48 (−3.17-0.20) | −0.86 (−2.56-0.84) | −0.83 (−2.67-1.01) |
| 200–349 | 246 | 28 | −1.23 (−2.43-−0.03)* | −0.52 (−1.74-0.69) | −0.16 (−1.45-1.13) |
| 350–499 | 237 | 28 | −1.06 (−2.27-0.15) | −0.11 (−1.35-1.13) | 0.16 (−1.15-1.46) |
| ≥500 | 425 | 30 | −0.26 (−1.27-0.75) | 0.22 (−0.81-1.25) | 0.53 (−0.55-1.61) |
| AUC CD4+d | |||||
| <100 | 135 | 26 | −3.01 (−4.50-−1.52)* | −2.03 (−4.63-0.56) | −2.47 (−5.19-0.25) |
| 100–199 | 239 | 28 | −1.89 (−3.10-−0.68)* | −0.81 (−3.39-1.76) | −2.18 (−4.91-0.54) |
| 200–349 | 370 | 29 | −1.18 (−2.23-−0.13)* | −0.36 (−2.87-2.15) | −1.70 (−4.32-0.91) |
| 350–499 | 239 | 30 | 0.03 (−1.17-1.23) | 0.67 (−1.93-3.28) | −0.32 (−3.04-2.40) |
| ≥500 | 106 | 30 | −0.43 (−2.07-1.20) | −0.10 (−2.97-2.77) | −1.46 (−4.45-1.53) |
| CD4+/CD8+e | |||||
| ≤0.29 | 234 | 28 | −2.02 (−3.23-−0.80)* | −1.36 (−2.59-−0.13)* | −0.57 (−1.88-0.74) |
| 0.30–0.46 | 216 | 28 | −0.91 (−2.16-0.35) | <−0.01 (−1.27-1.26) | 0.30 (−1.04-1.64) |
| 0.47–0.63 | 223 | 28 | −1.68 (−2.91-−0.45)* | −0.92 (−2.17-0.32) | −0.66 (−1.95-0.64) |
| 0.64–0.93 | 212 | 28 | −0.54 (−1.80-0.71) | 0.16 (−1.11-1.42) | 0.39 (−0.93-1.71) |
| ≥0.94 | 202 | 30 | 0.41 (−0.86-1.69) | 0.79 (−0.50-2.07) | 1.19 (−0.16-2.53) |
| AIDS | |||||
| Yes | 454 | 28 | −1.94 (−2.96-−0.91)* | −1.25 (−2.31-−0.19)* | −0.51 (−1.64-0.63) |
| No | 651 | 30 | −0.51 (−1.42-0.39) | 0.10 (−0.84-1.04) | 0.33 (−0.65-1.31) |
CI, confidence interval.
Multivariate model 1 was adjusted for current age, study site, race/ethnicity, baseline educational attainment, baseline depression, baseline hepatitis C virus, baseline frequency of alcohol consumption, baseline income, baseline BMI, baseline marital status, baseline smoking history, and baseline HIV risk category.
In addition to covariates listed in multivariate model 1, model 2 was also adjusted for current depression, current frequency of alcohol consumption, current income, current BMI, current marital status, and current smoking history.
AUC CD4+, area under curve. Multivariate models were further adjusted for last CD4+ count prior to HAART initiation.
Concurrent ratio of CD4+/CD8+ is based on distribution of HIV-infected women.
p value significant at α < 0.05.