. 2009 Dec;18(12):1925–1934. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2008.1309

Table 3.

Barriers to Physical Activity Reported by Women at 3 and 12 Months Postpartum, Grouped by the Socioecological Framework^a

			Cohort
	3 months postpartum		3 months postpartum		12 months postpartum
Barrier	n = 667	%	n = 530	%	n = 530	%	p value^b
Domains
Intrapersonal	503	75.4	396	74.7	400	75.5	0.76
Interpersonal	27	4.1	21	4.0	26	4.9	0.46
Neighborhood or environmental	31	4.7	21	4.0	25	4.7	0.51
Organizational or policy	3	0.5	1	0.2	7	1.3	0.03
Multiple domains	276	41.4	231	43.6	191	36.0	0.005
Intrapersonal
Not enough time, scheduling, single parent, more responsibilities	305	45.7	249	47.0	270	50.9	0.14
Too tired, don't have the energy	89	13.3	61	11.5	67	12.6	0.52
Baby reasons, such as fussy, feeding schedule, caring for baby, having a baby, watching the child	51	7.7	44	8.3	20	3.8	0.002
Ill or physically unable, physical reason, medical limitations, recovering from cesarean section, depression	31	4.7	23	4.3	16	3.0	0.24
Already get enough activity	18	2.7	12	2.3	13	2.5	0.83
Nursing issues	17	2.6	12	2.3	0	0.0	^c
Don't enjoy or want to be active, hard to be active, motivation, attitude, lazy	20	3.0	16	3.0	26	4.9	0.08
Overweight, obese, gained too much weight, weight	4	0.6	4	0.8	6	1.1	0.53
Interpersonal
Having other children (plus baby), children's schedule	23	3.5	20	3.8	17	3.2	0.61
Would rather spend time with baby/family during free time	4	0.6	1	0.2	5	0.9	0.10
Don't have anyone to be active with	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	0.8	^c
Neighborhood or environmental
Weather, length of daylight	30	4.5	21	4.0	18	3.4	0.58
Lack of facilities or places to go, lack of sidewalks or trails	1	0.2	0	0.0	6	1.1	^c
Too expensive	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	0.4	^c
Organizational or policy
Work or school	3	0.5	1	0.2	7	1.3	0.03
Multiple domains
Lack of child care, child care issues, baby doesn't like child care, don't want to leave baby with others	159	23.8	138	26.0	116	21.9	0.08
Other	3	0.5	2	0.4	0	0.0	^c
No reason	0	0.0	0	0.0	3	0.6	^c

^{^a}

At 3 months postpartum, 583 women reported one barrier, 77 women reported two barriers, and 7 women reported three barriers. At 12 months postpartum, 476 women reported one barrier, 43 women reported two barriers, 10 women reported three barriers, and 1 woman reported four barriers.

^{^b}

p value from generalized estimating equation compares cohort between 3 and 12 months postpartum.

^{^c}

p value cannot be calculated from the generalized estimating equation models.