TABLE 1:
Findings in infants with congenital infection
| Finding(s) | Possible congenital infections |
|---|---|
| Intrauterine growth retardation | • Rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis |
| Anemia with hydrops | • Parvovirus B19, syphilis, CMV, toxoplasmosis |
| Bone lesions | • Syphilis, rubella |
| Cerebral calcification | • Toxoplasmosis (widely distributed) |
| • CMV and herpes simplex virus (HSV) (usually periventricular) | |
| • Parvovirus B19, rubella, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | |
| • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | |
| Congenital heart disease | • Rubella |
| Hearing loss (commonly progressive) | • Rubella, CMV, toxoplasmosis, syphilis |
| Hepatosplenomegaly | • CMV, rubella, toxoplasmosis, HSV, syphilis, enterovirus, parvovirus B19 |
| Hydrocephalus | • Toxoplasmosis, CMV, syphilis, possibly enterovirus |
| Hydrops, ascites, pleural effusions | • Parvovirus B19, CMV, toxoplasmosis, syphilis |
| Jaundice with or without thrombocytopenia | • CMV, toxoplasmosis, rubella, HSV, syphilis, enterovirus |
| Limb paralysis with atrophy and cicatrices | • Varicella |
| Maculopapular exanthem | • Syphilis, measles, rubella, enterovirus |
| Microcephaly | • CMV, toxoplasmosis, rubella, varicella, HSV |
| Myocarditis/encephalomyocarditis | • Echovirus, coxsackie B, other enterovirus |
| Ocular findings | • CMV, toxoplasmosis, rubella, HSV, syphilis, enterovirus, parvovirus B19 |
| Progressive hepatic failure and clotting abnormalities | • Echovirus, coxsackie B, other enterovirus, HSV, toxoplasmosis |
| Pseudoparalysis, pain | • Syphilis |
| Purpura (usually appears on first day) | • CMV, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, rubella, HSV, enterovirus, parvovirus B19 |
| Vesicles | • HSV, syphilis, varicella, enterovirus |