. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 24.

Published in final edited form as: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Jul;63(4):S201–S210. doi: 10.1093/geronb/63.4.s201

Table 2.

Functional Status of Older African American Women by Timing and Duration of Poverty over a 30-year Period

	Functional status at Time 3:
	High (H)	Usual (U)	Low (L)	Chi square
Poverty^a at:
Time 1 (1966–67)	35.6%	61.8%	80.7%	^***
Time 2 (1976–77)	34.6%	45.3%	58.7%	^**
Time 3 (1997–98)	33.7%	51.5%	57.8%	^***
Duration of Poverty^b:
Not poor	30.8%	19.5%	9.2%
Early only	33.7	18.6	10.1
Late only	16.3	18.9	14.7	^***
Late/episodic	14.4	17.2	26.6
Persistent	4.8	25.7	39.4

<100% of the federal poverty level (income adjusted for household size)

For all tables: Not poor at T1, T2, or T3; Early poverty only = Poor at T1 and/or T2 but not T3; Late poverty only = Poor at T3 only; Late/episodic poverty = Poor at T3 and also at T1 or T2; Persistent poverty = Poor at T1, T2, and T3

p≤0.05;

^**

p≤0.01;

^***

p≤0.001 in chi square analysis or one way analysis of variance (Tukey’s HSD); ns=not significant