. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Mar;9(3):162–174. doi: 10.1038/nri2506

Table 2. Therapeutic strategies to target MDSCs.

Therapeutic agents	Type of cancer tested	References
Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (SC58236)	Mammary carcinoma (mice)	40

Amino-biphosphonate	Mammary tumors (mice)	101

Biphosphanate, sildenafil and tadalafil	Mammary carcinoma(mice) Colon Carcinoma (mice) Fibrosarcoma (mice)	104

KIT-specific antibody	Colon Carcinoma (mice)	39

Nitroaspirin	Colon Carcinoma (mice)	105

All-trans retinoic acid	Sarcoma, colon carcinioma (mice) Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (humans)	⁹⁶ ²¹

Vitamin D₃	Head and neck cancer (humans)	98

Gemcitabine	Lung cancer (mice)	106

VEGF–trap^* VEGF-specific antibody (avastin)	Solid tumors (humans) Metastatic renal cell cancer (humans)	⁸⁹ ¹⁰⁰

Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide	Breast cancer (humans)	22

VEGF-trap is a fusion protein that binds all forms of VEGF-A and placental growth factor