Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics*
| SMT 8 visits | SMT 16 visits | LM 8 visits | LM 16 visits | All | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 20) | (n = 20) | (n = 20) | (n = 20) | (n = 80) | |
| Sociodemographic information | |||||
| Age (years) | 38 ± 10 | 35 ± 12 | 37 ± 13 | 34 ± 10 | 36 ± 11 |
| Gender (female) | 80% | 80% | 75% | 85% | 80% |
| Cervicogenic headaches | |||||
| Pain intensity (100-point scale) | 51.2 ± 17.7 | 50.7 ± 16.8 | 56.8 ± 15.8 | 58.7 ± 17.1 | 54.3 ± 16.9 |
| Number of headaches in the past 4 weeks | 14.8 ± 8.4 | 16.0 ± 7.7 | 15.8 ± 8.7 | 16.2 ± 7.0 | 15.7 ± 7.9 |
| Health status | |||||
| Migraine sufferer (self report) | 6 (30%) | 6 (30%) | 5 (25%) | 5 (25%) | 22 (28%) |
| Optimal number of treatments (4 – 20) | |||||
| SMT | 12.4 ± 4.8 | 13.4 ± 5.1 | 11.6 ± 5.3 | 13.4 ± 4.7 | 12.7 ± 5.0 |
| LM | 14.4 ± 5.1 | 14.2 ± 4.6 | 13.2 ± 5.5 | 15.2 ± 5.1 | 14.3 ± 5.0 |
| Expectations † | |||||
| Confidence in success of my treatment | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.2 |
| Confidence in success of SMT | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.3 |
| Confidence in success of LM | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.2 |
| Initial patient-provider encounter ‡ | |||||
| DC comfortable treating headache pain | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.5 |
| DC enthusiastic about treatment | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 0.8 |
| DC spent adequate time listening | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 0.9 |
| DC confident in treatment success | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.0 |
SMT, spinal manipulative therapy; LM, light massage.
*
Values are means ± SD or number (%).
†
6-point Likert scale anchored by 1 extremely uncertain and 6 extremely certain.
‡
5-point Likert scale with 1 indicating strongly disagree and 5 indicating strongly agree. These were reported 2 weeks after enrollment.