Table 4.
Effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) on subcategories of wheeze and bronchitic symptoms
| Wheeze | Bronchitic symptoms | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ever wheeze | Current wheeze | Awakened at night | Brochitis | Chronic cough | Phlegm without cold | ||||||||
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | ||
| ETS | |||||||||||||
| In utero exposure | 1.98 | (1.35,2.89) | 3.21 | (1.95,5.29) | 3.18 | (1.70,5.96) | 1.88 | (1.11,3.17) | 1.99 | (1.10,3.60) | 2.04 | (1.21,3.46) | |
| Currently | 1.28 | (1.07,1.54) | 1.30 | (0.96,1.78) | 1.64 | (1.09,2.46) | 1.39 | (1.08,1.79) | 1.13 | (0.82,1.57) | 0.97 | (0.73,1.30) | |
| Previous only | 1.08 | (0.69,1.69) | 1.36 | (0.70,2.65) | 0.21 | (0.03,1.51) | 1.43 | (0.82,2.49) | 1.56 | (0.80,3.04) | 1.57 | (0.87,2.82) | |
| ETS sources | |||||||||||||
| Dad | 1.09 | (0.90,1.32) | 0.95 | (0.69,1.32) | 1.39 | (0.93,2.08) | 1.01 | (0.77,1.31) | 0.95 | (0.68,1.33) | 1.21 | (0.91,1.62) | |
| Mom | 1.76 | (1.15,2.68) | 2.7 | (1.54,4.75) | 2.17 | (1.02,4.64) | 1.68 | (0.94,3.03) | 2.39 | (1.30,4.39) | 1.77 | (0.97,3.22) | |
| Number of smokers | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | 0.98 | (0.79,1.22) | 0.96 | (0.66,1.38) | 1.39 | (0.87,2.22) | 0.96 | (0.71,1.28) | 0.78 | (0.53,1.16) | 1.02 | (0.73,1.42) | |
| 2 | 1.45 | (1.09,1.94) | 1.53 | (0.96,2.42) | 1.83 | (0.99,3.37) | 1.33 | (0.89,1.98) | 1.00 | (0.58,1.72) | 1.13 | (0.71,1.81) | |
| ≧ 3 | 1.63 | (1.12,2.37) | 1.43 | (0.77,2.66) | 3.51 | (1.87,6.61) | 1.6 | (0.95,2.69) | 1.93 | (1.09,3.42) | 2.48 | (1.52,4.03) | |
| p value for trend | 0.003 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.005 | |||||||
| Currently amount of ETS* | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| ≦ 10 | 1.20 | (0.98,1.46) | 1.30 | (0.93,1.82) | 1.40 | (0.90,2.17) | 1.33 | (1.01,1.74) | 0.89 | (0.61,1.28) | 0.90 | (0.66,1.23) | |
| > 10 | 1.64 | (1.23,2.19) | 1.43 | (0.88,2.34) | 2.38 | (1.36,4.18) | 1.50 | (0.99,2.27) | 2.20 | (1.42,3.42) | 1.29 | (0.83,1.99) | |
| p value for trend | 0.001 | 0.07 | 0.003 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.58 | |||||||
| Percent of ETS** | |||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| ≦ 20% | 1.15 | (0.93,1.42) | 0.95 | (0.64,1.40) | 1.14 | (0.70,1.87) | 1.24 | (0.92,1.66) | 0.64 | (0.42,0.99) | 0.79 | (0.56,1.12) | |
| > 20% | 1.56 | (1.22,1.98) | 2.06 | (1.43,2.99) | 2.40 | (1.49,3.85) | 1.66 | (1.19,2.31) | 2.13 | (1.47,3.08) | 1.29 | (0.89,1.85) | |
| p value for trend | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.41 | |||||||
Models are adjusted for age, sex, parental education, family history of asthma, family history of atopy, gestational age, and community.
*Average cigarettes per day
**Average percent of ETS in lifetime