Table 5.
Joint effects of parental smoking on subcategories of asthma, wheeze and bronchitic symptoms
| Parental smoking | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Dad only | Mom only | Both | |||||
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |||
| Asthma | ||||||||
| Ever asthma | 1 | 1.03 | (0.81,1.32) | 1.05 | (0.36,3.03) | 1.60 | (0.86,2.96) | |
| Active asthma | 1 | 1.08 | (0.76,1.52) | 1.62 | (0.47,5.50) | 1.76 | (0.77,4.01) | |
| Treatments for asthma | ||||||||
| Medication use | 1 | 1.01 | (0.68,1.51) | 1.33 | (0.30,5.80) | 0.85 | (0.25,2.82) | |
| ER visit or hospitalization | 1 | 1.09 | (0.60,1.96) | 1.45 | (0.18,11.50) | 4.30 | (1.57,11.80) | |
| Wheeze | ||||||||
| Ever wheeze | 1 | 1.06 | (0.87,1.29) | 1.77 | (0.83,3.78) | 1.81 | (1.09,3.00) | |
| Current wheeze | 1 | 0.85 | (0.60,1.20) | 2.11 | (0.72,6.18) | 2.74 | (1.42,5.29) | |
| Awakened at night | 1 | 1.39 | (0.91,2.11) | 3.10 | (0.90,10.70) | 2.23 | (0.85,5.82) | |
| Bronchitic symptoms | ||||||||
| Brochitis | 1 | 0.94 | (0.72,1.24) | 0.83 | (0.20,3.55) | 1.97 | (1.03,3.77) | |
| Chronic cough | 1 | 0.97 | (0.69,1.38) | 4.38 | (1.84,10.40) | 1.55 | (0.65,3.68) | |
| Phlegm without cold | 1 | 1.10 | (0.81,1.49) | 0.37 | (0.05,2.77) | 2.65 | (1.39,5.03) | |
*Models are adjusted for age, sex, parental education, family history of asthma, family history of atopy, gestational age, and community.