Table 2.
Distribution of maternal socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics.
| Variable | Total No (%) |
BwD No (%) | Hyndburn No (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Borough of residence | ||||
| Both | 2,107 (100%) | 1,606 (76.2%) | 501 (23.8%) | - |
| BwD | 1,606 | 1,606 | - | - |
| Hyndburn | 501 | - | 501 | - |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 1,003 (48.0%) | 622 (39.1%) | 381 (76.0%) | < 0.0001 |
| Non-white | 1,088 (52.0%) | 968 (60.9%) | 120 (24.0%) | < 0.0001 |
| ▪ Indian | 496 (23.7%) | 489 (30.8%) | 7 (1.4%) | < 0.0001 |
| ▪ Pakistani | 503 (24.1%) | 403 (25.3%) | 100 (20.0%) | 0.0139 |
| ▪ All Blacks | 25 (1.2%) | 24 (1.5%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.0097 |
| ▪ OthersΨ | 64 (3.1%) | 52 (3.3%) | 12 (2.4%) | 0.3043 |
| Total valid data | 2,091 (100.0%) | 1,590 (100.0%) | 501 (100.0%) | - |
| Missing data | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0.0094 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Mothers with partners | 2,030 (96.7%) | 1,551 (97.0%) | 479 (95.8%) | 0.1557 |
| Single mothers | 69 (3.3%) | 48 (3.0%) | 21 (4.2%) | 0.1557 |
| Total valid data | 2,099 (100.0%) | 1,599 (100.0%) | 500 (100.0%) | - |
| Missing data | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0.4498 |
| IMD quartile | ||||
| 1st quartile | 542 (25.7%) | 362 (22.5%) | 180 (35.9%) | < 0.0001 |
| 2nd quartile | 516 (24.5%) | 360 (22.4%) | 156 (31.1%) | < 0.0001 |
| 3rd quartile | 526 (25.0%) | 477 (29.7%) | 49 (9.8%) | < 0.0001 |
| 4th quartile | 523 (24.8%) | 407 (25.3%) | 116 (23.2%) | 0.3221 |
| Total valid data | 2,107 (100.0%) | 1,606 (100.0%) | 501(100.0%) | - |
| Missing data | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Parity | ||||
| Primips | 897 (42.7%) | 675 (42.1%) | 222 (44.3%) | 0.1952 |
| Multips | 1,206 (57.3%) | 927 (57.9%) | 279 (55.7%) | 0.1952 |
| ▪ 2nd births | 153 (7.3%) | 109 (6.8%) | 44 (8.8%) | 0.1358 |
| ▪ 3rd births | 521 (24.8%) | 392 (24.5%) | 129 (25.7%) | 0.5580 |
| ▪ 4th births | 296 (14.1%) | 242 (15.1%) | 54 (10.8%) | 0.0152◆ |
| ▪ 5th births | 155 (7.4%) | 125 (7.8%) | 30 (6.0%) | 0.1759 |
| ▪ 6th - 9th births | 82 (3.9%) | 60 (3.7%) | 22 (4.4%) | 0.5129 |
| Total valid data | 2,103 (100.0%) | 1,602 (100.0%) | 501 (100.0%) | - |
| Missing data | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0.3112 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| Vaginal | 1,537 (73.3%) | 1,183 (74.1%) | 354 (70.8%) | 0.1333 |
| Operative delivery | 560 (26.7%) | 414 (25.1%) | 146 (29.2%) | 0.1484 |
| ▪ Caesarean | 371 (17.7%) | 285 (17.8%) | 86 (17.2%) | 0.7377 |
| ▪ Instrumental | 189 (9.0%) | 129 (8.1%) | 60 (12.0%) | 0.0074 |
| Total valid data | 2,097 (100.0%) | 1,597 (100.0%) | 500 (100.0%) | - |
| Missing data | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0.2989 |
ΨChinese, Bangladeshi, other ethnic groups constituted "Others". This group is referred to in the text of this paper as other ethnic groups.
◆Overall Chi-square p was not significant (p = 0.0774).