Table 5.
Effects of maternal socio-demographic and obstetric factors on breastfeeding cessation.
| Breastfeeding duration from KM analyses | Unadjusted Cox HR | Adjusted Cox HRΦ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean (95% CI) | Median (95% CI) | (95% CI) | P value | (95% CI) | P value |
| Borough of residence | ||||||
| Both | 21.6 (20.86 to 22.37) | 27 (25.70 to 28.30) | - | - | - | - |
| BwD | 22.5 (21.63 to 23.39) | 27 (26.11 to 27.88) | 1† | - | - | - |
| Hyndburn | 18.5 (17.36 to 19.73) | 22 (18.69 to 25.30) | 1.36 (1.18 to 1.55) | < 0.0001 | - | - |
| Ethnicity | - | - | ||||
| White | 19.8 (18.53 to 20.97) | 20 (17.60 to 22.39) | 1† | - | 1† | - |
| Non-white | 23.4 (22.42 to 24.34) | 27 (26.03 to 27.97) | 0.65 (0.57 to 0.73) | < 0.0001 | 0.59 (0.52 to 0.67) | <0.0001 |
| ▪ Indian | 24.8 (23.53 to 26.15) | 28 (26.67 to 29.33) | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.64) | < 0.0001 | 0.53 (0.45 to 0.62) | < 0.0001 |
| ▪ Pakistani | 21.8 (20.27 to 23.25) | 26 (25.05 to 26.95) | 0.79 (0.68 to 0.91) | 0.0015 | 0.69 (0.60 to 0.81) | < 0.0001 |
| ▪ All Blacks | 25.1 (20.79 to 29.51) | 28 (25.18 to 30.81) | 0.40 (0.19 to 0.84) | 0.0155 | 0.35 (0.16 to 0.74) | 0.0057 |
| ▪ OthersΨ | 24.5 (20.11 to 28.81) | 27 (25.89 to 28.11) | 0.52 (0.35 to 0.78) | 0.0018 | 0.48 (0.32 to 0.73) | 0.0005 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single mothers | 18.2 (15.19 to 21.17) | 24 (17.77 to 30.23) | 1† | - | - | - |
| Mothers with partners | 21.6 (20.89 to 22.35) | 27 (25.69 to 28.31) | 0.80 (0.58 to 1.11) | 0.1815 | - | - |
| IMD quartile | ||||||
| 1st quartile | 21.3 (19.69 to 22.82) | 25 (22.71 to 27.29) | 1† | - | - | - |
| 2nd quartile | 20.9 (19.52 to 22.21) | 26 (23.36 to 28.64) | 1.01 (0.86 to 1.19) | 0.8873 | - | - |
| 3rd quartile | 23.2 (21.37 to 24.97) | 27 (26.21 to 27.79) | 0.78 (0.66 to 0.92) | 0.0043 | - | - |
| 4th quartile | 20.8 (19.66 to 21.96) | 27 (24.86 to 29.13) | 0.90 (0.76 to 1.06) | 0.2097 | - | - |
| Parity | ||||||
| Primips | 20.4 (19.24 to 21.54) | 25 (23.19 to 26.81) | 1.25 (1.11 to 1.41) | 0.0003 | 1.23 (1.09 to 1.39) | 0.0007 |
| Multips§ | 22.5 (21.54 to 23.50) | 27 (25.99 to 28.01) | 1† | - | 1† | - |
| ▪ 2nd births | 20.0 (16.71 to 23.35) | 18 (14.21 to21.79) | - | - | - | - |
| ▪ 3rd births | 22.4 (21.05 to 23.80) | 27 (26.12 to 27.88) | - | - | - | - |
| ▪ 4th births | 23.5 (21.55 to 25.36) | 27 (23.98 to 30.02) | - | - | - | - |
| ▪ 5th births | 22.6 (20.44 to 24.76) | 27 (25.63 to 28.37) | - | - | - | - |
| ▪ 6th - 9th births | 22.4 (20.46 to 24.42) | 29 (not calculated) | - | - | - | - |
| ▪ Mothers with nth birth; (1 ≤ n ≤ 8) |
- | - | 1† | - | 1† | - |
| ▪ Mothers with (n+1)th birth | - | - | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.96) | < 0.0001 | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.97) | 0.0006 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||||
| Vaginal | 22.0 (21.15 to 22.88) | 27 (25.72 to 28.28) | 1† | - | - | - |
| ▪ Operative delivery | 20.4 (18.95 to 21.92) | 25 (23.15 to 26.85) | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.32) | 0.0307 | - | - |
| ▪ Caesarean | 20.9 (19.10 to 22.71) | 25 (23.18 to 26.82) | 1.13 (0.96 to 1.31) | 0.1336 | - | - |
| ▪ Instrumental | 19.5 (16.88 to 22.03) | 24 (19.67 to 28.32) | 1.23 (0.98 to 1.53) | 0.0523 | - | - |
Φ Variables that did not significantly contribute to the fitness of the model were dropped hence no adjusted HRs were calculated for them.
†Reference category.
ΨChinese, Bangladeshi, other ethnic groups constituted "Others". This group is referred to in the text of this paper as other ethnic groups.
§Birth order was entered in the Cox model as a continuous variable hence HRs were not reported for the sub-categories used for KM analyses.