Table 1.
Myxoid tumors of soft tissue: overview of clinicopathological and genetic features
| Myxoid tumors of soft tissue | Age | Sex | Predilection site | Molecular/cytogenetic aberrations | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benign | |||||
| Intramuscular myxoma (including its cellular variant) | Adults | F>M | Thigh, shoulder, buttocks, and rarely upper arm | GNAS1 mutations | [34] |
| Myxoid neurothekeoma | Young adults | F>M | Head, neck, and shoulders | Loss of 22q | [8] |
| Myxoid lipoma (myxolipoma) | Any age | F=M | Head and neck | Rearrangement of 13q and/or 16q | [8] |
| Myxoid chondroma | Adults | M>F | Hands and feet | Extra copies of chromosome 5 or 12q13–15 rearrangement | [8] |
| Myxoid neurofibroma | Any age | M=F | All over the body | NF1 mutations | [8] |
| Myxoid dermatofibroma | Young adults | F>M | Lower extremities | Unknown | [42] |
| Cardiac myxoma | Adults | F>M | Atria (predominantly left) | PRKAR1α mutations in Carney complex | [43] |
| Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor | Elderly | M>F | Extremities and trunk | Nonspecific cytogenetic aberrations | [8] |
| Cutaneous myxoid cyst | Any age | F>M | Distal and dorsal portions of fingers (and toes) | Unknown | [8] |
| Cutaneous myxoma (superficial angiomyxoma) | Adults | M>F | Trunk, lower extremities, head, and neck | PRKAR1α mutations in Carney complex | [43] |
| Myxoid nodular fasciitis | Young adults | M=F | Head, neck, and extremities | Nonspecific cytogenetic aberrations | [8, 44] |
| Locally aggressive | |||||
| Odontogenic myxoma | Young adults | F>M | Mandible and maxilla | PRKAR1α mutations in rare cases (not Carney complex) | [45] |
| Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma | Adults | M=F | Feet, lower leg | t(1;10)(p22;q24) and amplification of chromosome 3 | [46] |
| Aggressive angiomyxoma | Adults | F>>M | Inguinal region | Rearrangement of 12q13-15 | [8] |
| Malignant | |||||
| Myxofibrosarcoma | Elderly | M=F | Extremities, thigh | Nonspecific cytogenetic aberrations | [47, 48] |
| Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma | Adults | M>F | Extremities and limb | t(9;22)(q22;q12), t(9;17)(q22;q11) or t(9;15)(q22;q21) | [49] |
| Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma | Young adults | M>F | Proximal extremities and trunk | t(7,16) (q33;p11) | [50] |
| Myxoid liposarcoma | Elderly | M>F | Lower extremities and thigh | t(12;16)(q13;p11) or t(12;22)(q13;q12) | [51] |
| Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of soft tissue | Adults | F>>M | Limbs, female genitalia, head, and neck | Nonspecific cytogenetic aberrations | [52] |
| Myxoid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor | Adults | F=M | Extremities, trunk | NF1 and TP53 mutations, P16 deletions | [8, 53] |
| Myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma | Adults | M=F | Trunk, groin, and extremities | t(17;22)(q22;q13) | [54] |