Table 2.

Effect of cannabinoids on cytokine and chemokine production.

Cannabinod	Receptor	Cell/tissue/serum	Effect	Ref.
THC	ND	Macrophage cell line (RAW264.7)	Decreases TNF-α	[40]
THC	ND	Peritoneal macrophages	Increases IL-1α and IL-1β	[41]
THC	ND	Human cell lines	Decreases TNF-α, GM-CSF and IFN-γ, IL-10 Increases IL-8	[26]
THC	CB1 and CB2 independent	Rat microglial cells	Decreases TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6	[28]
In vivo WIN55,212-2 and HU-210	CB1 dependent	Serum	Decreases TNF-α, IL-12 Increases IL-10	[29]
Ajulemic acid	ND	Human synovial monocyte-derived macrophage	Decreases IL-6 and IL-1β	[32]
HU-308	CB2 dependent	Serum and liver homogenates	Decreases TNF-α, MIP-1α and MIP-2	[33]
CP55,940 WIN55,212–2	CB1 and CB2 independent	Rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes	IL-6 and IL-8	[34]
2-AG	CB2 dependent	Promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60)	Increases IL-8, CXCL8 and CCL2	[37]

AG: Arachidonoylglycerol; CB: Cannabinoid receptor; CCL: CC-chemokine ligand; CXCL8: CXC-chemokine ligand 8; ND: Not determined; THC: Tetrahydrocannabinol.