TABLE 1.
Weight, adipose tissue mass and distribution, organ fat, and abdominal subcutaneous fat cell size before and after 1-year lifestyle intervention
| Men (n = 26)* |
Women (n = 32)† |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 1 year | Baseline | 1 year | |
| Weight (kg)‡ | 101.2 ± 1.9 | 88.8 ± 1.8 | 91.4 ± 1.7 | 83.9 ± 1.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2)‡ | 32.4 ± 0.5 | 28.4 ± 0.5 | 34.8 ± 0.6 | 32.0 ± 0.6 |
| FFM (kg)‡ | 70.9 ± 1.1 | 66.9 ± 1.0 | 54.2 ± 1.0 | 52.1 ± 0.9 |
| Fat mass (Kg)‡ | 30.3 ± 1.2 | 22.0 ± 1.2 | 37.1 ± 1.1 | 31.8 ± 1.1 |
| Percent fat mass (of weight)‡ | 29.8 ± 0.8 | 24.5 ± 0.9 | 40.4 ± 0.7 | 37.5 ± 0.8 |
| Upper-body fat (kg)‡ | 21.4 ± 0.9 | 15.1 ± 0.9 | 24.4 ± 0.9 | 20.7 ± 0.8 |
| Gluteo-femoral fat (kg)§ | 8.2 ± 0.3 | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 12.1 ± 0.6 | 10.6 ± 0.5 |
| VAT (cm2)‡ | 311.7 ± 18.3 | 216.5 ± 18.3 | 259.5 ± 16.8 | 213.3 ± 16.7 |
| Deep abdominal SAT (cm2)‡ | 170.9 ± 11.6 | 120.4 ± 10.2 | 148.2 ± 10.6 | 130.6 ± 9.3 |
| Superficial abdominal SAT (cm2)§ | 120.9 ± 11.5 | 92.0 ± 10.6 | 237.1 ± 10.6 | 206.8 ± 9.7 |
| Subfascial thigh AT (cm2)(one leg)§ | 18.1 ± 1.5 | 12.9 ± 1.1 | 22.7 ± 1.5 | 18.1 ± 1.1 |
| Superficial thigh SAT (cm2) (one leg)§ | 84.7 ± 7.9 | 66.8 ± 7.5 | 156.5 ± 7.5 | 138.4 ± 7.1 |
| Liver attenuation (HU)§ | 51.2 ± 2.1 | 59.7 ± 1.8 | 46.5 ± 1.9 | 54.6 ± 1.7 |
| Spleen attenuation (HU)§ | 50.4 ± 0.8 | 51.3 ± 0.8 | 47.6 ± 0.8 | 48.8 ± 0.7 |
| L/S attenuation ratio§ | 1.01 ± 0.04 | 1.17 ± 0.04 | 0.99 ± 0.04 | 1.13 ± 0.04 |
| Muscle area (cm2) (both legs)‡ | 311.5 ± 6.8 | 292.7 ± 6.9 | 223.4 ± 6.3 | 215.2 ± 6.4 |
| Muscle attenuation (HU) | 46.8 ± 0.9 | 47.4 ± 0.8 | 45.0 ± 0.8 | 45.1 ± 0.7 |
| Fat cell size§ | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.76 ± 0.03 |
| Fat cell number§ | 3,756 ± 271 | 4,897 ± 370 | 2,982 ± 239 | 3,345 ± 325 |
Data are unadjusted means ± SE. FFM, FM, upper body fat, and gluteo-femoral fat measured by DEXA; VAT, SAT, abdominal and thigh SAT subcompartments, and organ (liver, spleen, muscle) attenuation measured by CT scan.
*Missing data for men (out of 26) for organ attenuations (1 man each) and fat cell size (2 men).
†Missing data for women (out of 32) for abdominal adipose tissue measurements (1 woman), thigh adipose tissue and organ attenuations (3 women each), and fat cell size (1 woman).
‡Significant change in both men and women (P range <0.05 to 0.00001), with significant interaction by sex (P range <0.05 to 0.001 for the interaction term).
§Significant change in both men and women (P range <0.05 to 0.00001), with no significant interaction by sex.