TABLE 3.
Multivariate associations between biomarkers and late-life cognition, and estimated cognitive change
| Standardized β coefficients (SE) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MR | LNS | VFT | DST | −ln(TMT) | FACES | LM | g | |
| ln(C-reactive protein) | ||||||||
| + age and sex | −0.063 (0.031)* | −0.008 (0.032) | −0.020 (0.032) | −0.047 (0.031) | −0.052 (0.031) | −0.020 (0.031) | 0.027 (0.032) | −0.053 (0.031) |
| + MHVS | −0.036 (0.028) | 0.017 (0.029) | 0.008 (0.029) | −0.023 (0.028) | −0.035 (0.029) | −0.002 (0.030) | 0.050 (0.029) | −0.014 (0.025) |
| + MHVS and adjustment variables | −0.002 (0.030) | 0.030 (0.032) | 0.019 (0.031) | 0.015 (0.030) | −0.016 (0.031) | −0.010 (0.033) | 0.053 (0.032) | −0.013 (0.027) |
| ln(IL-6) | ||||||||
| + age and sex | −0.113 (0.030)‡ | −0.075 (0.031)* | −0.077 (0.031)* | −0.152 (0.030)‡ | −0.173 (0.030)‡ | −0.084 (0.030)† | −0.018 (0.031) | −0.161 (0.030)‡ |
| + MHVS | −0.084 (0.027)† | −0.043 (0.028) | −0.045 (0.028) | −0.130 (0.027)‡ | −0.147 (0.028)‡ | −0.063 (0.029)* | 0.009 (0.029) | −0.115 (0.024)‡ |
| + MHVS and adjustment variables | −0.074 (0.029)* | −0.028 (0.031) | −0.033 (0.030) | −0.076 (0.030)* | −0.113 (0.030)‡ | −0.050 (0.032) | −0.004 (0.032) | −0.086 (0.026)† |
| ln(TNF-α) | ||||||||
| + age and sex | −0.120 (0.030)‡ | −0.055 (0.031) | −0.057 (0.031) | −0.029 (0.030) | −0.091 (0.030)† | −0.074 (0.030)* | −0.041 (0.031) | −0.106 (0.031)‡ |
| + MHVS | −0.087 (0.027)† | −0.017 (0.028) | −0.013 (0.028) | 0.006 (0.028) | −0.064 (0.028)* | −0.051 (0.029) | −0.010 (0.029) | −0.052 (0.025)† |
| + MHVS and adjustment variables | −0.084 (0.028)† | −0.009 (0.030) | −0.013 (0.029) | 0.040 (0.028) | −0.049 (0.029) | −0.035 (0.031) | −0.018 (0.030) | −0.035 (0.025) |
Adjustment variables are Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression score, duration of diabetes, A1C, total cholesterol, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, smoking, coronary heart disease (MI or angina), stroke, ankle-brachial index, and level of education.
*P < 0.05;
†P < 0.01;
‡P < 0.001.
DST, Digit Symbol Test; FACES, Faces and Family Pictures Subtest; LM, logical memory; LNS, letter-number sequencing; MR, matrix reasoning; TMT, Trail Making Test-Part B; VFT, Verbal Fluency Test.