Sensitivity of our inference to the effective population size, Ne. For Ne ∼ 5 × 106, as estimated for Saccharomyces, we infer a role for natural selection in favoring [PSI+]-mediated evolvability if and only if mPSI is elevated by stress, as has been observed. (a) For Ne ≲ 105 we would not infer evolvability, even with realistically elevated switching rates. (b) Selection for evolvability would be inferred even in the absence of stress-mediated induction for Ne ≳ 4 × 107. Higher values of Ne are not shown because their computation requires excessive memory, but the result is still clear.