UTP increases the excitability of bladder sensory neurons. Examples of responses of lumbosacral bladder neurons to current injection before and after UTP application are shown here. A, B, The injected current required to evoke an action potential in bladder neurons was significantly reduced after UTP application from a mean 142.4 ± 11.6 to 82.2 ± 5.2 pA (n = 24; p < 0.01). C, D, Current injection at 2× rheobase (500 ms) evoked a significantly greater number of APs after UTP application (8.7 ± 1.0) relative to before UTP application (3.3 ± 0.5; n = 24; p < 0.01). E, Example of sustained AP firing during and after UTP application.