Table 2.
Comparison of health behaviours and physical health among LBCa and non-LBC by gender
| Males | Females | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 1536) |
Non-LBC (n = 1239) |
LBC (n = 297) |
All (n = 1450) |
Non-LBC (n = 1206) |
LBC (n = 244) |
|
| Dietary intake (%) | ||||||
| Felt hungry most of the time or always1 | 1.5% | 1.2% | 2.8% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| Ate breakfast everyday2 | 75.1% | 76.3% | 69.4% | 73.4% | 73.8% | 71.1% |
| Ate vegetables ≥3 times/day2 | 61.0% | 62.5% | 53.3% | 57.3% | 58.0% | 53.6% |
| Ate fruits ≥3 times/day2 | 39.4% | 39.2% | 40.6% | 37.1% | 36.0% | 42.8% |
| Ate high-fat food ≥3 times/day2 | 15.9% | 15.6% | 17.8% | 11.6% | 11.2% | 13.9% |
| Ate sweetened snack ≥3 times/day2 | 23.6% | 23.2% | 25.6% | 23.1% | 22.4% | 27.1% |
| Drank sweetened beverage ≥3 times/day2 | 24.3% | 24.4% | 23.9% | 11.9% | 10.9% | 17.5% |
| Drank milk ≥6 days/week2 | 7.6% | 7.3% | 9.4% | 7.2% | 7.2% | 7.2% |
| Physical activity & sedentary behaviours (%) | ||||||
| Physically active§ ≥4 days/week2 | 51.7% | 53.3% | 43.9% | 46.6% | 46.8% | 45.8% |
| Participated in sports team(s) 3 | 31.1% | 30.7% | 33.3% | 23.7% | 23.6% | 24.1% |
| Watched TV ≥4 hours/day2 | 19.3% | 19.4% | 18.9% | 18.7% | 17.4% | 25.9% |
| Did homework ≥4 hours/day2 | 11.5% | 12.5% | 6.1% | 19.5% | 20.1% | 16.3% |
| Played electronic games ≥4 hours/day2 | 13.5% | 13.0% | 16.1% | 5.1% | 4.9% | 6.0% |
| Internet use (%) | ||||||
| Used internet2 | 60.2% | 60.0% | 61.1% | 44.7% | 45.7% | 39.2% |
| Used internet ≥4 hours/day2 | 9.7% | 9.5% | 10.6% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 4.2% |
| Internet addiction | 8.4% | 7.7% | 11.7% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 2.4% |
| Tobacco & alcohol use (%) | ||||||
| Ever smoked | 50.2% | 49.3% | 55.0% | 10.8% | 10.0% | 15.1% |
| Currently smoked1 | 17.1% | 16.3% | 20.6% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 3.6% |
| Ever drank alcohol | 69.7% | 69.1% | 72.8% | 42.7% | 42.9% | 41.9% |
| Currently drank alcohol1 | 33.6% | 32.7% | 37.8% | 13.1% | 12.9% | 14.5% |
| Binge drinking¶1 | 12.1% | 11.9% | 13.3% | 2.8% | 2.1% | 6.6% |
| Reported symptoms of drunkenness3 | 22.6% | 22.4% | 23.9% | 10.2% | 10.0% | 11.4% |
| Emotional and mental issues (%) | ||||||
| Felt lonely most of the time or always3 | 4.9% | 4.6% | 6.7% | 6.9% | 6.8% | 7.8% |
| Felt unhappy most of the time or always3 | 13.8% | 13.7% | 14.4% | 16.8% | 16.3% | 19.3% |
| Sleepless most of the time or always3 | 5.7% | 5.4% | 7.2% | 6.3% | 6.2% | 6.6% |
| Felt sad or hopeless ≥2 weeks3 | 8.6% | 8.3% | 10.0% | 10.3% | 10.2% | 10.8% |
| Suicide ideation3 | 6.3% | 5.4% | 11.1% | 11.0% | 10.3% | 15.1% |
| Suicide plan3 | 1.3% | 1.1% | 2.2% | 2.0% | 1.6% | 4.2% |
| Suicide attempt3 | 0.7% | 0.6% | 1.7% | 1.2% | 1.0% | 2.4% |
| Ideation of leaving home3 | 14.0% | 13.1% | 18.3% | 14.1% | 13.3% | 18.7% |
| Attempt of leaving home3 | 2.1% | 2.0% | 2.8% | 0.7% | 0.4% | 2.4% |
| Nutritional health (%) | ||||||
| Overweight | 6.2% | 5.2% | 11.1% | 4.7% | 4.5% | 5.4% |
| Obese | 1.7% | 1.6% | 2.2% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.2% |
| Stunted | 6.2% | 5.8% | 8.3% | 4.4% | 4.5% | 3.6% |
| Mean ± SD4 | Mean ± SD4 | Mean ± SD4 | Mean ± SD4 | Mean ± SD4 | Mean ± SD4 | |
| Height (cm) | 160.5 ± 9.2 | 161.0 ± 9.2 | 158.3 ± 8.8 | 153.7 ± 5.3 | 153.9 ± 5.4 | 152.9 ± 5.2 |
| Weight (kg) | 47.9 ± 9.9 | 48.1 ± 9.8 | 47.1 ± 10.4 | 44.2 ± 6.8 | 44.4 ± 6.8 | 43.2 ± 6.8 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.4 ± 2.7 | 18.4 ± 2.7 | 18.6 ± 2.9 | 18.7 ± 2.5 | 18.7 ± 2.5 | 18.5 ± 2.5 |
a: LBC: Left Behind Children; Totals for all categories may not sum to1536 (for boys) or 1450 (for girls) due to missing data;
1: in the past 30 days; 2: in the past 7 days; 3: in the past 12 months; 4: SD: Standard Deviation;
§: Physically active represents children who were physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day, including all the time they spent in any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made their breaths hard some of the time;
¶Binge drinking: ever drank at least 5 glasses of alcohol within 1 or 2 hours in the past 30 day.