Table 1. Number of resistant Salmonella isolates belonging to different serovars isolated from humans, cattle, pigs and poultry in Vietnam by an agar diffusion method*.
| Sources/serovars | A | Ac | Ce | Cf | S | G | K | C | Na | No | Ci | T | Su | Tp | Co | MDR isolates N (%) |
| Human (56) | 24 | 2 | 2 | 23 | 14 | 11 | 13 | 21 | 2 | 2 | 30 | 28 | 18 | 28 (50) | ||
| Typhimurium (21) | 14 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 12 | |||
| Enteritidis (7) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Emek (2) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Others (26) | 6 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 4 | ||||||
| Cattle (63) | 18 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 7 | 4 | 12 (19) | ||
| Anatum (15) | 12 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| Typhimurium (3) | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | ||||
| Others (45) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
| Pig (111) | 35 | 25 | 20 | 21 | 8 | 6 | 69 | 26 | 24 | 34 (30.6) | ||||||
| Anatum (29) | 13 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 24 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||
| Typhimurium (23) | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 2 | 18 | 18 | 18 | ||||||||
| Derby (13) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
| Others (46) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||
| Poultry (67) | 9 | 2 | 3 | 23 | 2 | 14 | 34 | 54 | 30 | 40 | 35 | 1 | 51 (76.1) | |||
| Emek (26) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 28 | 26 | 1 | 28 | 28 | |||||||
| Blockley (14) | 14 | 14 | 1 | 18 | 14 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Albany (3) | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||||||||
| Others (24) | 5 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 13 | 8 | 3 | |||||||
| TOTAL (267) | 86 | 6 | 6 | 77 | 38 | 48 | 58 | 91 | 3 | 3 | 148 | 101 | 81 | 1 | 125 (42) | |
| % resistant** | 29 | 2.0 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 13 | 16 | 20 | 31 | 1 | 1.0 | 50 | 34 | 27 | 0.3 | |
| % intermediate | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0.3 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0.6 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| % susceptible | 70 | 90 | 96 | 100 | 55 | 87 | 83 | 75 | 61 | 99 | 98.4 | 41 | 66 | 73 | 99.7 |
Abbreviations used: N, number of the isolates tested A, ampicillin (10µg); Ac, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30/15µg); Ce, cephalothin (30µg); Cf, ceftazidime (30µg); S, streptomycin (10µg); G, gentamicin (10µg); K, kanamycin (30µg); C, chloramphenicol (30µg), Na, nalidixic acid (30µg); No, norfloxacin (10µg); Ci, ciprofloxacin (5µg); T, tetracycline (30µg); Su, sulphonamide (300µg); Tp, trimethoprim (5µg), Co, colistin (10µg); MDR, multidrug-resistant.
*
The number of isolates resistant to a particular antimicrobial agent is given below each antimicrobial.
**
The percentage of the total number of isolates resistant, intermediate resistant or susceptible for a particular antimicrobial is indicated in the last three rows below each antimicrobial.