Table 1.
Summary of exercise training studies of conduit and/or resistance vessel function in healthy humans and subjects with cardiovascular disease and risk factors undertaking localised (LT), resistance (RT) or whole-body training (WBT)
| Group | Type training (weeks) | Functional adaptation | Remodelling adaptations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conduit | Resistance | Conduit | Resistance | ||
| Healthy subjects | |||||
| Young | LT (4–6) |
↔ McGowan Clin Sci (2007a) ↑ Tinken Hypertension (2009) Allen MSSE (2003) |
↔ Green JAP (1994) Franke Clin Phys (1998) ↑ Bank J Card Fail (1998) |
↔ Green JAP (1994) |
|
| Young | WBT (8–12) |
↑ Clarkson JACC (1999) Tinken J Physiol (2008) Rakobowchuk Am J Phys (2008) |
↑ Goto Circ (2003) ↔ Kingwell Cardiov Res (1997a) Bergholm Atheroscl (1999) Goto Circ (2003) |
↑ Tinken J Physiol (2008) |
|
| Young | RT (12) |
↔ Rakobowchuk JAP (2005) |
↑ DeSouza Circ (2000) |
↑ Rakobowchuk JAP (2005) |
|
| Middle-aged | WBT (8–12) |
↑ DeSouza Circ (2000) ↔ Maiorana MSSE (2001b) |
|||
| Older | LT (8) |
↑ Wray Am J Phys (2006) ↔ Wray Am J Phys (2006) |
↔ Wray Am J Phsiol (2006) |
||
| Older | WBT (8) |
↔ Thijssen Acta Phys (2007a) Moriguchi Hypert Res (2005) |
↑ Thijssen J Appl Phys (2007b) Sugawara AJP (2007) DeSouza Circ (2000) |
↑ Thijssen Acta Phys (2007a) |
↔ Thijssen Acta Phys (2007a) |
| CHF | WBT (4–8) |
↑ Hornig Circ (1996) Guazzi J Appl Physiol (2004) |
↑ Katz JAP (1997) Hambrecht JACC (2000a) Hambrecht Circ (1998) ↔ Bank J Card Fail (1998) |
||
| WBT (12–52) |
↔ Kobiyashi Circ J (2003) ↑ Hambrecht Circ (1998) Linke JACC (2001) Wisloff Circ (2007) Belardinelli Eur J CPR (2006) Kobiyashi Circ J (2003) |
↑ Maiorana JAP (2000a) Parnell Clin Sci (2005) |
↑ leg Demopoulos JACC (1997) Dziekan Am Heart J (1998) ↔ arm Demopoulos JACC (1997) Dziekan Am Heart J (1998) |
||
| Post-MI | WBT (4–12) |
↑ Vona Circ (2009) Vona Am Heart J (2004) |
|||
| RT (4) |
↑ Vona Circ (2009) |
||||
| CAD | WBT (52) |
↑ Gokce Am J Cardiol (2002b) Walsh JAP (2003a) Edwards Am J Cardiol (2004) Blumenthal JAMA (2005) ↔ Gokce J Cardiol (2002a) Paul J Card Reh Prev (2007) |
|||
| Hypertension | LT (8) |
↑ McGowan AJP (2006a) McGowan EJAP (2007b) |
|||
| Hypertension | WBT (12) |
↑ Westhoff Kidn BP Res (2007) |
↑ Higashi Circ (1999a) |
↑ Higashi Hypert (1999a) |
|
| Hypercholesterolemia | WBT (4–8) |
↑ Walsh Eur Heart J (2003b) |
↑ Walsh Eur Heart J (2003b) Lewis ATVB (1999) |
||
| Obesity | WBT (8–52) |
↑ Watts J Ped (2004b) Watts JACC (2004a) Woo Circ (2004) Meyer JACC (2006) Olson MSSE (2006) Hamdy Diabetes Care (2003) Kelly J Pediatr (2004) |
↑ Sciacqua Diab Care (2003) |
↑ Meyer JACC (2006) ↔ Olson MSSE (2006) |
|
| Diabetes | WBT (8–26) |
↑ Maiorana JACC (2001a) Fuchsjager Diab Care (2002) Xiang Diab Care (2004) |
↑ Maiorana JACC (2001a) Lavrencic ATVB (2000) |
||
| PAD | WBT (6) |
↑ Andreozzi Int Angiol (2007) Brendle Am J Cardiol (2001) |
|||