Table 2.
Reports of proportional morbidity due to ARI in crisis-affected populations, by setting (community, outpatient, inpatient).
| Disease | Ref. | Population (year) | Study design | Case definition, as reported | Percentage (rank if reported) | |
| By age group | All ages | |||||
| Community | ||||||
| AURI | [26] | Iraqi-Kurdish refugees in Iran camps (1991) | Community-based surveillance | Upper respiratory tract infection | <12 m: 23.3 (2); 12-59 m: 26.0 (2); ≥ 5 y: 15.2 (1) | 17.5 (1) |
| ALRI | [26] | Iraqi-Kurdish refugees in Iran camps (1991) | Community-based surveillance | Lower respiratory tract infection | <12 m: 5.8 (3); 12-59 m: 3.8 (4); ≥ 5 y: 2.4 (5) | 2.8 (9) |
| Outpatient | ||||||
| ARI | [55] | Flood-affected residents of Bangladesh (1988) | Clinic-based surveillance | Respiratory tract infection | <59 m: 23.8 (2); 5-9 y: 17.8 (2); 10-14 y: 17.2 (2) | 17.4 (2) |
| [32] | Kosovar refugees in camps or with host families, Albania (1999) | Clinic-based surveillance | Acute respiratory infection | <59 m: 37; ≥ 5 y: 24 (1) | ||
| [34] | Kosovar refugees in Albania camp (1999) | Review of patient records | Upper and lower respiratory infection | 22.0 (1) | ||
| [33] | Kosovar refugees in camps or with host families, Albania (1999) | Clinic-based surveillance | Acute respiratory infection | <59 m: 40.2 (1); ≥ 5 y: 25.3 (1) | 28.8 (1) | |
| [50] | Earthquake-affected residents of Nantou and Taichung counties, Taiwan (1999) | Clinic-based surveillance | Acute respiratory infection | 50.1 (1) | ||
| [56] | Flood-affected residents of Gaza province, Mozambique (2000) | Review of patient records | WHO case definition* | 18 (2) | ||
| [57] | Flood-affected residents of Orissa state, India (2001) | Clinic-based surveillance | Cold, cough, upper respiratory infection, pneumonia | 26.9 (2) | ||
| [44] | IDPs in camps or living with host population in Darfur state, Sudan (2004) | Clinic-based surveillance | Acute respiratory infection | 18.7 (1) | ||
| [58] | Tsunami-affected displaced persons in Banda Aceh, Indonesia (2004-2005) | Review of patient records | Upper and lower respiratory infection | 39 (1) | ||
| [54] | Earthquake-affected residents and displaced persons, northern Pakistan (2005) | Clinic-based surveillance | Acute respiratory infection | <59 m: 28 (1)** | 22 (1)** | |
| AURI | [34] | Kosovar refugees in Albania camp (1999) | Review of patient records | Upper respiratory infection | 15.0 (2) | |
| [52] | Earthquake-affected residents of Bam, Iran (2003) | Clinic-based surveillance | Upper respiratory tract infection | |||
| [53] | Earthquake-affected people in Barakott, Pakistan (2005) | Review of patient records | Upper respiratory tract infection | 14 (2) | ||
| ALRI | [37] | Afghan refugees in a camp in Pakistan (1986) | Review of patient records | Bronchitis, Pneumonia | 9.2 (2) | |
| [29] | Burundian refugees in camps in Rwanda (1993-1994) | Clinic-based surveillance | Lower respiratory tract infection | 6 (5) | ||
| [34] | Kosovar refugees in Albania camp (1999) | Review of patient records | Lower respiratory infection | 7.0 (5) | ||
| [52] | Earthquake-affected residents of Bam, Iran (2003) | Clinic-based surveillance | Pneumonia | 2.2 (8) | ||
| Inpatient | ||||||
| ARI | [24] | Cambodian refugees in Khao-I-Dang holding centre, Thailand (1980) | Clinic-based surveillance | Pneumonia, bronchitis, upper respiratory infections | <20 y: 50.7 (1) | |
| [41] | Sudanese refugees in Arua district, Uganda (1992-1994) | Review of patient records | Acute respiratory infection | <12 m: 26.9 (2); 12-59 m: 20.0 (2); 5-14 y: 21.0 (2); 15-49 y: 7.4 (5); ≥ 50 y: 8.5 (4) | 13.6 (2) | |
| [48] | Urban population of Monrovia, Liberia (2005) | Review of patient records | Respiratory infection | ≥15 y: 10 (1) | ||
| AURI | [43] | Displaced persons in Gulu district, Uganda (1992-2002) | Review of patient records | Upper respiratory tract diseases | 2.0 (10) | |
| [24] | Cambodian refugees in Khao-I-Dang holding centre, Thailand (1980) | Clinic-based surveillance | Upper respiratory infection | <20 y: 5.2 (7) | ||
| ALRI | [42] | Displaced persons in Acholi region, Uganda (1992-1998) | Review of patient records | Pneumonia | 5.2 (4) | |
| [43] | Displaced persons in Gulu district, Uganda (1992-2002) | Review of patient records | Pneumonia | 6.4 (2) | ||
| [38] | Cambodian refugees in Thai border camps (1987-1988) | Review of patient records | Pneumonia, croup or bronchiolitis | <15 y: 34.3 (1) | ||
| [24] | Cambodian refugees in Khao-I-Dang holding centre, Thailand (1980) | Clinic-based surveillance | Pneumonia | <20 y: 16.9 (2) | ||
| [39] | Cambodian refugees in Thai border camps (1989-1991) | Prospective case series | Empyema | <15 y: 3.5 | ||
| [49] | Earthquake-affected residents of Kobe, Japan (1995) | Review of patient records | Pneumonia | 15.9 (1) | ||
*Unspecified, but assumed to be based on Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines. **Data are averages for the first 12 months after the earthquake.