Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by aortic valve calicum progression.
| At risk for incident AVC* | At risk for | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No Incident AVC (n=4932) | Incident AVC (n=210) | AVC progression† (n=738) |
| Follow up time (years) | 2.42 ± 0.85 | 2.46 ± 0.88 | 2.42 ± 0.85 |
| Age (years) | 60.4 ± 9.6 | 67.0 ± 8.4 | 70.1 ± 8.1 |
| Men | 2223 (45%) | 117 (55%) | 453 (61%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White | 1903 (38.6%) | 87 (41.4%) | 356 (48.2%) |
| Chinese | 618 (12.5%) | 13 (6.2%) | 55 (7.5%) |
| Black | 1350 (27.4%) | 61 (29.0%) | 173 (23.4%) |
| Hispanic | 1061 (21.5%) | 49 (23.3%) | 154 (20.9%) |
| Education | |||
| < High school | 773 (15.7%) | 40 (19.1%) | 159 (21.7%) |
| High school degree | 2310 (46.9%) | 98 (46.9%) | 335 (45.7%) |
| College degree | 1840 (37.4%) | 71 (34.0%) | 239 (32.6%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.3 (5.5%) | 29.2 (5.2%) | 28.5 (4.9%) |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | 124 ± 20 | 131 ± 23 | 134 ± 22 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 72 ± 10 | 73 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 |
| Hypertension therapy | 1625 (33%) | 107 (51%) | 398 (54%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 519 (10.5%) | 41 (19.5%) | 134 (18.3%) |
| Smoker | |||
| Never | 2545 (51.7%) | 94 (45.0%) | 318 (43.3%) |
| Former | 1739 (35.3%) | 85 (40.7%) | 346 (47.1%) |
| Current | 639 (13.0%) | 30 (14.4%) | 70 (9.5%) |
| Pack-years smoking‡ | 15 [5, 30] | 15 [7, 28] | 18 [6, 40] |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | |||
| Low density lipoprotein | 117 ± 31 | 119 ± 33 | 118 ± 33 |
| High density lipoprotein | 51 ± 15 | 50 ± 16 | 49 ± 14 |
| Triglycerides‡ | 109 [77, 159] | 119 [83, 171] | 121 [84, 171] |
| TC:HDL ratio | 4.04 ± 1.25 | 4.21 ± 1.29 | 4.22 ± 1.14 |
| Lipid lowering therapy | 712 (14%) | 55 (26%) | 187 (25%) |
| Statin therapy | 658 (13%) | 50 (24%) | 170 (23%) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl)‡ | 1.86 [0.81, 4.21] | 1.91 [0.94, 4.29] | 1.99 [0.95, 3.95] |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 343 ± 71 | 355 ± 81 | 358 ± 74 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.94 ± 0.21 | 0.98 ± 0.27 | 1.04 ± 0.44 |
*
Among those free of AVC at baseline.
†
Among those with baseline Agatston score >0.
‡
Median [IQR]. For pack-years smoking, among current and former smokers only.
Proportions may not total 100% in all cases due to rounding. Counts may not equal cohort sample size due to missing data.
Abbreviations: TC:HDL ratio is the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.