Table 1.
Patient demographics, underlying illness, length of stay, device utilization and antibiotic usage during the two study periods
| Open infusion container N = 548 |
Closed infusion container N = 548 |
RR | 95% CI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n/N) | % (n/N) | ||||
| Sex (Male) | 43.8% (240/548) | 48.0% (263/548) | 1.10 | 0.96 - 1.25 | 0.16 |
| Sex (Female) | 56.2% (308/548) | 52.0% (285/548) | 0.93 | 0.83 - 1.03 | - |
| Endocrine Disease | 21.0% (45/214) | 30.3% (154/508) | 1.44 | 1.08 - 1.93 | 0.01 |
| Cardiac Failure | 27.1% (58/214) | 42.5% (216/508) | 1.57 | 1.23 - 2.00 | <0.01 |
| Angina Pectoris | 2.8% (6/214) | 10.0% (51/508) | 3.58 | 1.56 - 8.22 | <0.01 |
| Cardiac Surgery | 0.0% (0/214) | 0.4% (2/508) | - | - | 0.36 |
| COPD | 0.0% (0/214) | 15.0% (76/508) | - | - | <0.01 |
| Cancer | 4.2% (23/548) | 4.2% (23/548) | 1.00 | 0.57 - 1.76 | 1.0 |
| Renal Impairment | 4.7% (10/214) | 7.5% (38/508) | 1.60 | 0.81 - 3.15 | 0.17 |
| Hepatic Failure | 0.9% (2/214) | 3.9% (20/508) | 4.21 | 0.99 - 17.86 | 0.03 |
| Abdominal Surgery | 23.4% (128/548) | 22.1% (121/548) | 0.95 | 0.76 - 1.18 | 0.61 |
| Thoracic Surgery | 0.0% (0/214) | 0.8% (4/508) | - | - | 0.19 |
| Trauma | 0.0% (0/214) | 1.2% (6/508) | - | - | 0.11 |
| Previous Infection | 0.0% (0/214) | 21.5% (109/508) | - | - | <0.01 |
| Stroke | 0.0% (0/214) | 1.0% (5/508) | - | - | 0.15 |
| Immunodeficiency | 0.9% (2/214) | 1.6% (8/507) | 1.69 | 0.36 - 7.89 | 0.50 |
| Urinary catheter | 91.2% (500/548) | 94.0% (515/548) | 1.03 | 1.00 - 1.07 | 0.08 |
| Mechanical ventilator | 66.4% (364/548) | 68.2% (374/548) | 1.03 | 0.95 - 1.12 | 0.52 |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||||
| ICU stay (days) | 6.5 ± 6.56 | 7.1 ± 6.69 | - | - | 0.13 |
| Age (yrs) | 54.1 ± 18.29 | 54.4 ± 18.58 | - | - | 0.78 |
| Severity-of-illness score | 3.7 ± 0.90 | 3.8 ± 0.82 | - | - | 0.45 |
| CL utilization per patient (days) | 6.7 + 7.35 | 7.4 + 7.54 | - | - | 0.11 |
| Mechanical ventilator utilization per patient (days) | 4.3 ± 6.10 | 4.7 ± 6.61 | - | - | 0.24 |
| Urinary catheter utilization per patient (days) | 6.0 ± 6.64 | 6.6 ± 6.65 | - | - | 0.18 |
| Defined daily dose | Defined daily dose | ||||
| Antibiotic use per 1000 days | 1485 | 1540 | - | - | 0.056 |
n, number of subjects with the characteristic present at baseline; N, total number of subjects with the with available (non-missing) results for the characteristic at baseline.