Table 3.
Indices of glucose tolerance and insulin action
| CR group (n = 28) | EX group (n = 28) | WD group (n = 28) | Among group P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOMA-IR | 0.29 ± 0.1* | 0.44 ± 0.3* | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 0.0001 |
| ISI | 18.5 ± 6.7* | 20.4 ± 9.2* | 7.0 ± 3.6 | 0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 83 ± 8*,** | 91 ± 8 | 95 ± 8 | 0.0001 |
| Fasting insulin (µU/mL) | 1.4 ± 0.7* | 2.0 ± 1.3* | 6.9 ± 5.6 | 0.0001 |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 1.17 ± 0.6* | 1.26 ± 0.35* | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 0.0001 |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dL) | 132 ± 42** | 103 ± 28 | 116 ± 28 | 0.008 |
| 2-h insulin (µU/mL) | 37.7 ± 24*** | 16.8 ± 11**** | 46.7 ± 43.9 | 0.001 |
| 2-h C-peptide (ng/mL) | 7.3 ± 2.9** | 4.5 ± 1.6**** | 7.2 ± 3.3 | 0.0001 |
| Glucose AUC × 103 (mg min/dL) | 16.1 ± 3.2 | 14.9 ± 2.6 | 16.8 ± 3.0 | 0.054 |
| Insulin AUC × 103 (µU min/mL) | 3.5 ± 1.7* | 2.7 ± 1.8* | 6.2 ± 3.6 | 0.0001 |
| C-peptide AUC × 103 (ng min/mL) | 0.59 ± 0.19**** | 0.49 ± 0.15* | 0.82 ± 0.29 | 0.0001 |
| C-peptide AUC/glucose AUC | 0.038 ± 0.012**** | 0.033 ± 0.010* | 0.048 ± 0.013 | 0.0001 |
Values are means ± SD
HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, ISI insulin sensitivity index determined according to Matsuda and DeFronzo (Matsuda & DeFronzo 1999), AUC total area under the curve.
*P = 0.0001, significantly different from Western diet group; **P ≤ 0.006, significantly different from EX group; ***P ≤ 0.05, significantly different from EX group; ****P ≤ 0.05, significantly different from Western diet group