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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 19;360(12):1179–1190. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807265

Table 3.

Echocardiographic measures at year 5 (age 23–35) associated with subsequent heart failure among blacks

Bivariate model
 Multivariate model (adjusted for the other echocardiographic measure)1
 Multivariate model (additionally adjusted for clinical measures)2
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) p-value Hazard Ratio (95% CI) p-value Hazard Ratio (95% CI) p-value
Systolic function
 Abnormal (EF <40%) 34 (7.6–154) <0.001 27 (5.7–128) <0.001 37 (6.9–200) <0.001
 Borderline (EF 40–60%) 3.1 (1.1–9.0) 0.04 3.0 (1.1–8.5) 0.04 3.5 (1.2–10) 0.02
Left ventricular hypertrophy 6.0 (2.2–17) <0.001 5.0 (1.7–15) 0.003 1.9 (0.4–7.4) 0.33
1

Models for systolic function adjusted for left ventricular hypertrophy; models for left ventricular hypertrophy adjusted for systolic function

2

All models adjusted diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, HDL cholest.