Table 3.

Results of unadjusted logistic regression analyses predicting violent behaviour at 1-year follow-up from independent variables measured at first assessment (n =1,905 Victoria; n = 1,913 Washington State)

	Victoria	Washington
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Demographic characteristics
Female	0.37 (0.27 - 0.49)***	0.57 (0.41 – 0.81)**
Low income household	1.49 (1.06 – 2.09)*	1.71 (1.18 – 2.47)**
Workless household	1.53 (0.94 – 2.49)	1.52 (1.05 – 2.21)*
Sole parent	1.83 (1.33 – 2.52)***	1.58 (1.15 – 2.17)**
Individual risk factors
Violent behaviour	11.27 (8.01 – 15.85) ***	13.03 (8.55 – 19.87) ***
Impulsivity	2.89 (2.27 – 3.67) ***	2.13 (1.69 – 2.70) ***
Binge drinking	2.49 (1.82 – 3.41) ***	3.96 (2.63 – 5.94) ***
Individual protective factors
Emotion control	0.51 (0.41 – 0.64) ***	0.48 (0.37 – 0.64) ***
Family risk factors
Family conflict	1.78 (1.53 – 2.09) ***	1.88 (1.56 – 2.26) ***
Family protective factors
Attachment to mother	0.51 (0.43 – 0.60) ***	0.75 (0.63 – 0.90)**
Peer risk factor
Association with violent peers	2.10 (1.77 – 2.50) ***	2.16 (1.86 – 2.51) ***
School risk factors
School grades	2.03 (1.61 – 2.57) ***	1.96 (1.63 – 2.34) ***
Low commitment to school	2.63 (2.08 – 3.34) ***	2.33 (1.83 – 2.97) ***
School protective factors
Opportunities for prosocial	0.50 (0.37 – 0.69) ***	0.58 (0.39 – 0.86)**
Recognition for prosocial	0.51 (0.41 – 0.65) ***	0.68 (0.53 – 0.88)**
Community risk factors
Community disorganisation	2.54 (2.00 – 3.23) ***	2.18 (1.72 – 2.77) ***
Norms favourable to drug use	2.16 (1.75 – 2.67) ***	1.62 (1.34 – 1.95) ***
Enforcement favourable to drug use	1.58 (1.30 – 1.93) ***	1.55 (1.26 – 1.90) ***
Community protective factor
Opportunities for prosocial	0.66 (0.54 – 0.81) ***	0.62 (0.49 – 0.78) ***
Recognition for prosocial	0.85 (0.72 – 1.00)*	0.77 (0.65 – 0.93)**
Social responses
School suspension	5.51 (3.87 – 7.84) ***	5.01 (3.39 – 7.42) ***
Arrest	5.05 (2.53 – 10.07) ***	7.97 (5.09 – 12.47) ***

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001.