Table 4.
Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses predicting violent behaviour at 1-year follow-up from independent variables measured at first assessment (n = 3,818)
| Model 1 Full model with interactions | Model 2 Full model without interactions | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||
| State | 0.47 (0.13 – 1.66) | 0.79 (0.62 – 1.02) |
| Female | 0.51 (0.39 – 0.66)*** | 0.50 (0.39 – 0.65)*** |
| Low income household | 1.09 (0.78 – 1.52) | 1.08 (0.78 – 1.51) |
| Workless household | 1.27 (0.86 – 1.87) | 1.28 (0.87 – 1.89) |
| Sole parent | 1.25 (0.92 – 1.71) | 1.23 (0.90 – 1.68) |
| Individual risk factors | ||
| Violent behaviour | 4.86 (3.44 – 6.87)*** | 4.83 (3.43 – 6.82)*** |
| Impulsivity | 1.19 (0.96 – 1.48) | 1.21 (0.97 – 1.49) |
| Binge drinking | 1.07 (0.75 – 1.52) | 1.09 (0.77 – 1.54) |
| Individual protective factors | ||
| Emotion control | 0.68 (0.55 – 0.85)** | 0.68 (0.55 – 0.85)** |
| Family risk factors | ||
| Family conflict | 1.20 (1.01 – 1.43)* | 1.20 (1.01 – 1.43)* |
| Family protective factors | ||
| Attachment to mother | 0.80 (0.63 – 1.02) | 0.93 (0.78 -1.11) |
| Peer risk factor | ||
| Association with violent peers | 1.20 (1.03 – 1.40)* | 1.20 (1.02 – 1.40)* |
| School risk factors | ||
| School grades | 1.10 (0.91 – 1.33) | 1.11 (0.91 – 1.34) |
| Low commitment to school | 1.15 (0.89 – 1.47) | 1.15 (0.90 – 1.48) |
| School protective factors | ||
| Opportunities for prosocial | 1.18 (0.84 – 1.66) | 1.17 (0.83 – 1.66) |
| Recognition for prosocial | 0.97 (0.76 – 1.24) | 0.96 (0.75 – 1.24) |
| Community risk factors | ||
| Community disorganisation | 1.30 (1.03 – 1.63)* | 1.29 (1.03 – 1.61)* |
| Norms favourable to drug use | 1.44 (1.10 – 1.89)** | 1.29 (1.08 – 1.54)** |
| Enforcement favourable to drug use | 1.08 (0.91 – 1.27) | 1.08 (0.92 – 1.28) |
| Community protective factor | ||
| Opportunities for prosocial | 0.97 (0.75 – 1.24) | 0.97 (0.76 – 1.25) |
| Recognition for prosocial | 1.07 (0.88 – 1.30) | 1.07 (0.88 – 1.31) |
| Social responses | ||
| School suspension | 1.66 (1.18 – 2.33)** | 1.66 (1.19 - 2.33)** |
| Arrest | 1.80 (1.05 – 3.09)* | 1.81 (1.05 – 3.13)* |
| Interactions | ||
| State-by-attachment to mother | 1.35 (0.98 – 1.86) | ------------------ |
| State-by-community norms favour to drug use | 0.81 (0.57 – 1.14) | ------------------ |
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001.